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Mice without the vitamin D receptor have bone issues and other health problems, suggesting vitamin D is important for preventing various diseases in humans.

Experts agree that PCOS affects women's health in complex ways, but more research is needed to understand and treat it effectively.

Changing the environment around stem cells could help tissue repair, but it's hard to be precise and avoid side effects.

While PCOS might increase the risk of heart disease, there's not strong evidence to prove it causes earlier heart problems.

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a prohormone important for producing sex steroids and has potential health benefits.

Corticosteroids, especially prednisone, improve short-term muscle strength in Duchenne muscular dystrophy but have manageable side effects.

Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

Women with the NIH type of PCOS have more obesity and higher risk of diabetes and heart disease than those with other types of PCOS.

Chemicals and body size might change when puberty starts and progresses, but more research is needed to confirm this.

The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.

PCOS is common among Chinese women of reproductive age and linked to serious metabolic and reproductive issues, especially in obese women.

The Rotterdam Study updated its design and objectives in 2012, providing insights into various diseases in the elderly, including skin cancer, bone health, liver disease, neurological and psychiatric conditions, and respiratory issues.

Insulin resistance and obesity are key factors in the development and worsening of polycystic ovary syndrome, and lifestyle changes are important for managing it.

Hormone treatments for transgender individuals generally improve mental health and physical transition, with some health risks that require medical supervision.

High androgen levels in young women with PCOS are linked to higher blood pressure.

Early diagnosis and individualized treatment improve outcomes for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.

Caffeine in cosmetics may reduce cellulite, protect skin, and stimulate hair growth, but more research is needed on its use and effects.

Hair follicles may soon be used more for targeted and systemic drug delivery.

Eating less sugar, milk, and saturated fats and more vegetables and fish may help treat and prevent acne.

Obesity worsens PCOS symptoms, and PCOS may lead to more weight gain; managing both requires a holistic approach that includes mental health.

Over one-third of women experience hair loss, with female-pattern hair loss being most common, and treatments include minoxidil and possibly hair transplantation.

Prolactin contributes to hair loss by promoting hair follicle shrinkage and cell death.

Estrogens help reduce skin aging, and SERMs might offer similar benefits without the risks of hormone therapy.

Adult female acne treatment should be personalized, considering individual preferences and pregnancy, using various topical and oral medications while managing side effects and resistance.

The document concludes that understanding the sebaceous gland's development and function is key to addressing related skin diseases and aging effects.

Hirsutism is more linked to high androgen levels than acne or hair loss, and a mix of hormonal tests is best for diagnosis; certain treatments can reduce symptoms.

Drospirenone is a unique progestin with anti-water retention and potential blood pressure benefits, used in birth control and hormone therapy.

The document concludes that certain genetic mutations and dietary factors are involved in acne development, and treatments like isotretinoin and diet changes can help manage it.

Spironolactone most effective for hirsutism, but has side effects.

Certain genetic variations in the AR and ERβ genes can affect androgen levels in women.