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    Did you mean Estrogen Receptors?
    Glossary Estrogen Receptors

    proteins that bind estrogen, influencing cell behavior and function

    Estrogen receptors (ER) are proteins found inside and on the surface of certain cells that bind to the hormone estrogen. When estrogen binds to these receptors, it can influence the behavior of the cell, including growth, differentiation, and function. These receptors play a crucial role in various physiological processes, including reproductive health, bone density, and even hair growth. In medical research, ERs are significant in understanding conditions like breast cancer, where the presence of these receptors can influence treatment options.

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    1. An estrogen receptor pathway regulates the telogen-anagen hair follicle transition and influences epidermal cell proliferation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 1996 · 154 citations
    2. Effect of estrogens on skin aging and the potential role of selective estrogen receptor modulators Climacteric · 2007 · 67 citations
    3. An estrogen receptor pathwayregulates thetelogen-anagen hair follicle transition andinfluences epidermal cell proliferation (epidermis/estrogen/keratinocyte/differentiation/mesenchymal 1996
    4. The Distribution of Estrogen Receptor β Is Distinct to That of Estrogen Receptor α and the Androgen Receptor in Human Skin and the Pilosebaceous Unit Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings · 2003 · 130 citations
    5. Polymorphisms of the Androgen Receptor Gene and the Estrogen Receptor β Gene Are Associated with Androgen Levels in Women1 The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism · 2001 · 93 citations
    6. Hair Cycle Control by Estrogens: Catagen Induction via Estrogen Receptor (ER)-α Is Checked by ERβ Signaling Endocrinology · 2005 · 92 citations
    7. Expression patterns of three estrogen receptor genes during zebrafish (Danio rerio) development: evidence for high expression in neuromasts Gene expression patterns · 2004 · 77 citations
    8. Estrogen Receptor α, but not Estrogen Receptor β, is Involved in the Regulation of the Hair Follicle Cycling as well as the Thickness of Epidermis in Male Mice Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2002 · 72 citations
    9. 17β-Estradiol and ICI-182780 regulate the hair follicle cycle in mice through an estrogen receptor-α pathway 2000 · 71 citations
    10. Expression of estrogen, androgen, and glucocorticoid receptors in recent striae distensae International Journal of Dermatology · 2009 · 67 citations
    11. The Modulation of Aromatase and Estrogen Receptor Alpha in Cultured Human Dermal Papilla Cells by Dexamethasone: A Novel Mechanism for Selective Action of Estrogen via Estrogen Receptor Beta? Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2006 · 65 citations
    12. 17β-Estradiol Inhibits Wound Healing in Male Mice via Estrogen Receptor-α American Journal Of Pathology · 2010 · 38 citations
    13. Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in Androgenic Alopecia Versus Alopecia Areata American Journal of Dermatopathology · 1998 · 27 citations
    14. Testosterone protects female embryonic heart H9c2 cells against severe metabolic stress by activating estrogen receptors and up-regulating IES SUR2B The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology · 2012 · 24 citations
    15. Pharmacological activation of estrogen receptors-α and -β differentially modulates keratinocyte differentiation with functional impact on wound healing International Journal of Molecular Medicine · 2015 · 23 citations
    16. The Safety of Local Hormonal Treatment for Vulvovaginal Atrophy in Women With Estrogen Receptor-positive Breast Cancer Who Are on Adjuvant Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy: Meta-analysis Clinical breast cancer · 2019 · 18 citations
    17. Dutasteride‐mediated morphological changes in the genitourinary tract associated with altered expression patterns of the androgen and estrogen receptors in male rats Andrology · 2016 · 12 citations
    18. Polymorphisms in androgen and estrogen receptor genes: effects on male aging Experimental Gerontology · 2004 · 12 citations
    19. On the Effect of Estrogen Receptor Agonists and Antagonists on the Mouse Hair Follicle Cycle Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 1998 · 11 citations
    20. Association of estrogen receptor gene variants (ESR1 and ESR2) with polycystic ovary syndrome in Tunisia Gene · 2020 · 9 citations
    21. Intrinsic versus Extrinsic Aging: A Histopathological, Morphometric and Immunohistochemical Study of Estrogen Receptor β and Androgen Receptor Skin Pharmacology and Physiology · 2016 · 9 citations
    22. Polyamine Oxidase Expression Is Downregulated by 17β-Estradiol via Estrogen Receptor 2 in Human MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2022 · 8 citations
    23. Failure of Topical Estrogen Receptor Agonists and Antagonists to Alter Murine Hair Follicle Cycling Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 1998 · 8 citations
    24. Organizational Effects of Estrogens and Androgens on Estrogen and Androgen Receptor Expression in Pituitary and Adrenal Glands in Adult Male and Female Rats Frontiers in Neuroanatomy · 2022 · 1 citations
    25. Patient-Reported Outcomes From Phase III Neoadjuvant Systemic Trial Comparing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy With Neoadjuvant Endocrine Therapy in Pre-Menopausal Patients With Estrogen Receptor-Positive and HER2-Negative, Lymph Node-Positive Breast Cancer Frontiers in Oncology · 2021 · 1 citations
    26. The Expressions of Androgen Receptors and Estrogen Receptors in Bald and Non-bald Area of Androgenic Alopecia Journal of Clinical Dermatology · 2002 · 1 citations
    27. Minoxidil May be a Partial Agonist of Estrogen Receptor Alpha microPublication · 2026
    28. Ferulic acid promotes hair growth via estrogen receptor alpha activation in cultured human dermal papilla cells Scientific Reports · 2026
    29. Reproduction of the human relevant potency threshold (HRPT) for estrogen receptor alpha agonism in an inference performance screen for ICCVAM’s regulatory scientific confidence framework Frontiers in Toxicology · 2025
    30. Early androgen activity after birth determines the hypothalamic expression of androgen and estrogen receptors in adulthood in female but not in male rats Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology · 2025