9 citations
,
March 2020 in “Gene” In this study, certain genetic variations in the ESR1 and ESR2 genes were strongly associated with polycystic ovary syndrome and related metabolic issues in Tunisian women.
12 citations
,
October 2004 in “Experimental Gerontology” This review summarizes how common polymorphisms in androgen and estrogen receptor genes may influence aging-related symptoms and diseases in men, but it reports no new clinical results.
65 citations
,
May 2006 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that dexamethasone significantly reduced ERα mRNA levels and increased aromatase mRNA and activity in cultured human hair follicle dermal papilla cells, suggesting a glucocorticoid-dependent mechanism for estradiol action.
6 citations
,
January 2010 in “Neoplasma” In this study, researchers found that shorter CA repeats in the ERbeta gene are correlated with PSA expression, and PSA immunoexpression is associated with increased disease-free survival in breast cancer.
154 citations
,
October 1996 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” This study found that 17-beta-estradiol inhibits hair growth in mice by blocking hair follicles in the telogen phase, whereas an estrogen receptor antagonist promotes hair growth by initiating anagen.
130 citations
,
June 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” This study found that estrogen receptor beta, not alpha, is the main mediator of estrogen action in human skin and hair follicles, suggesting a distinct role in these tissues.
93 citations
,
June 2001 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” This study found that serum androgen levels in premenopausal women may be influenced by genetic variants of the androgen receptor and estrogen receptor β genes.
92 citations
,
February 2005 in “Endocrinology” This study found that estrogen receptor beta plays a significant role in murine hair growth control, potentially acting as a silencer of estrogen receptor alpha's catagen-promoting effects.
77 citations
,
April 2004 in “Gene expression patterns” This study observed specific expression patterns of three zebrafish estrogen receptor genes during development, highlighting robust co-expression of esr2a and esr2b in primary neuromasts, branchial arches, and other tissues.
72 citations
,
November 2002 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Estrogen receptor α controls hair growth cycles and skin thickness in male mice.
38 citations
,
May 2010 in “American Journal Of Pathology” In this study, prolonged systemic administration of 17β-estradiol in castrated male mice delayed wound healing by inhibiting re-epithelialization and reducing collagen accumulation, with estrogen receptor-α likely mediating this effect.
27 citations
,
April 1998 in “American Journal of Dermatopathology” This study found no significant difference in estrogen and progesterone receptor expression between androgenic alopecia and alopecia areata, suggesting an indirect hormonal influence on androgenic alopecia.
18 citations
,
August 2019 in “Clinical breast cancer” This meta-analysis found that in postmenopausal women with a history of breast cancer, 8 weeks of vaginal estrogen therapy while on aromatase inhibitors did not result in systemic absorption of sex hormones, suggesting potential safety for treating vulvovaginal atrophy in this context.
9 citations
,
January 2016 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” This study observed that estrogen receptor β and androgen receptor expressions in the skin decline with age, more noticeably under sun exposure, suggesting a role in skin aging.
8 citations
,
July 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This study found that in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells, 17β-estradiol repressed polyamine oxidase transcription by interacting with AP-1 sites on its promoter.
1 citations
,
June 2022 in “Frontiers in Neuroanatomy” This study found that neonatal blocking of androgen and estrogen pathways in rats altered sex-specific expression of estrogen and androgen receptors in adult pituitary and adrenal glands, potentially influencing lifelong neuroendocrine function.
1 citations
,
July 2021 in “Frontiers in Oncology” This study found that patient-reported outcomes were similar between neoadjuvant endocrine therapy and chemotherapy in premenopausal breast cancer patients, but future perspective was significantly better with endocrine therapy.
April 2026 in “microPublication” In this study, researchers explored whether minoxidil, a common treatment for androgenetic alopecia, may have estrogenic activity and found preliminary evidence suggesting it could act as a partial agonist of Estrogen Receptor α (ERα).
March 2026 in “Scientific Reports” This study found that Cnidium officinale extract and its compound ferulic acid improved hair growth by promoting dermal papilla cell function and mitochondrial activity, suggesting their potential as a new treatment option for alopecia, possibly through estrogen receptor alpha activation.
October 2025 in “Frontiers in Toxicology” This study found that a human relevant potency threshold for estrogen receptor alpha agonism may serve as a health-protective screening tool, and highlights inference performance as essential for scientific confidence frameworks.
This study found that a complex extract of Polygonatum sibiricum and Nelumbinis semen improved menopause symptoms in an ovariectomized rat model by enhancing blood lipid metabolism and reducing osteoporosis, without increasing risks of side effects like endometriosis, unlike conventional hormone-replacement therapy.
June 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” In male mice and rats, this study found that 17α-estradiol improves metabolic health by acting through estrogen receptor α, suggesting a potential target for treating chronic diseases in male mammals.
April 2016 in “The FASEB Journal” This study found that blocking androgen receptors in male rats during the perinatal period led to permanently increased estrogen and ER-a expression in the hypothalamus, affecting sexual preference in adulthood.
In this study, researchers observed that estrogen and its receptors play a crucial role in hair growth and control, with notable sex-dependent differences in human scalp hair follicles.
This study found that estradiol affects hair growth in mice by regulating the transition of hair follicles from rest to growth phases via the estrogen receptor pathway in the dermal papilla.
71 citations
,
February 2000 in “Endocrinology and metabolism/American journal of physiology: endocrinology and metabolism” This study found that topical estradiol inhibits hair growth in mice by preventing the hair follicle's transition from resting to growth phase, a process reversible with an estrogen receptor antagonist.
11 citations
,
July 1998 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” β-estradiol slows hair growth in mice.
67 citations
,
January 2007 in “Climacteric” This article discusses the impact of estrogens on skin aging, highlighting the potential benefits and unresolved effectiveness of alternatives like phytoestrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators; it reports no new clinical results.
24 citations
,
January 1989 in “Archives of biochemistry and biophysics” This study found that androgen binding in male rat livers involves specific androgen receptors, which decrease with castration and are inducible in female livers with testosterone.
8 citations
,
January 1998 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study did not find any significant effects of estradiol or its antagonists on hair growth in two common mouse strains, challenging previous results reported by Oh and Smart.