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October 1990 in “Alcoholism/Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research” The document concludes that the exact way alcohol causes harm to fetal development is unknown, but it significantly affects nutrient transport to the fetus and a safe level of alcohol during pregnancy is not determined.
170 citations,
November 2007 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Skin can heal wounds without hair follicle stem cells, but it takes a bit longer.
158 citations,
May 1968 in “The journal of nutrition/The Journal of nutrition” Zinc is crucial for growth and health in rats.
157 citations,
August 2010 in “Lupus” The document concludes that recognizing and treating cutaneous lupus erythematosus early is crucial for managing the skin and potential systemic symptoms.
150 citations,
April 1999 in “Dermatologic Clinics” Laser hair removal effectiveness depends on targeting hair structures without harming the skin, and improvements require more research and expert collaboration.
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November 2020 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Keratinocytes help heal skin wounds by interacting with immune cells and producing substances that kill pathogens.
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January 2004 in “Hormones” Human skin acts like a hormone-producing organ, making and managing various hormones important for skin and hair health.
140 citations,
March 2013 in “The journal of immunology/The Journal of immunology” Memory regulatory T cells need IL-7, not IL-2, to stay in peripheral tissues.
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June 2012 in “Genes & Development” Sonic hedgehog signaling is crucial for hair growth and maintaining hair follicle identity.
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June 2004 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Involucrin gene expression is controlled by specific proteins and signaling pathways.
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September 2005 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” The HR protein helps hair grow by blocking a hair growth inhibitor, aiding in hair follicle regeneration.
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October 1997 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” Trichohyalin is modified by enzymes to form strong structures in hair cells.
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August 2012 in “Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects” TGF-β signaling is crucial for stem cell maintenance, differentiation, and has implications for cancer treatment.
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August 2018 in “Molecular Systems Biology” Fibroblast state switching is crucial for skin healing and development.
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February 2018 in “Nature Reviews Genetics” Stem cell plasticity is crucial for wound healing but can also contribute to cancer development.
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March 2012 in “JAMA” Testosterone's muscle-building effects do not require its conversion to DHT.
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May 2020 in “Drug Development Research” Men's sensitivity to male hormones might affect how severe COVID-19 gets for them.
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November 2014 in “Biological Reviews” The telogen phase of hair growth is active and important for preparing hair follicles for regeneration, not just a resting stage.
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January 2013 in “Experimental dermatology” Faulty Notch signalling may cause hair follicle changes and inflammation in hidradenitis suppurativa.
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February 2013 in “JAMA” Transgender treatment includes hormones and surgery, but long-term effects are unknown and counseling is needed.
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November 1978 in “JAMA” The Protein-Sparing Modified Fast is effective for rapid weight loss and maintaining it, but requires medical supervision and can have side effects.
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July 2007 in “Genes & Development” A mother's PPARγ is crucial for preventing harmful milk that can cause inflammation and growth problems in babies.
100 citations,
November 2017 in “EMBO Reports” Metabolic signals and cell shape influence how cells develop and change.
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March 2002 in “Molecular and cellular biology” Mutant CDP/Cux protein causes hair defects and reduced male fertility in mice.
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February 2019 in “The New England Journal of Medicine” Mutations in the PADI3 gene are linked to a higher risk of scarring hair loss in women of African descent.
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February 2018 in “Dermatology and Therapy” Nutraceuticals may improve skin health and protect against aging, but more research is needed on their optimal use and possible health risks.
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July 2010 in “Genes & development” Notch/CSL signaling controls hair follicle differentiation through Wnt5a and FoxN1.
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July 2003 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” EGF controls hair growth by regulating hair follicles' growth phases.
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January 2009 in “International Journal of Trichology” Different hair evaluation methods have their own pros and cons, and using multiple methods together is best for accurate hair loss diagnosis and tracking.
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July 2018 in “Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research” Mice studies show that Protein Phosphatase 2A is crucial for cell growth, development, and disease prevention.