March 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Disulfide bonds affect the melting behavior of hair's crystalline structure, but hair retains some stability even after these bonds are broken.
December 2021 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Thiol/disulfide balance is normal in male AGA patients but shifts towards oxidative stress with emotional stress and low vitamin D.
September 2024 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Selenium disulfide shampoo effectively reduces dandruff and is well-liked by users.
September 1980 in “PubMed” Using selenium disulfide on guinea pigs increased hair loss.
75 citations,
September 2015 in “Acta biomaterialia” Alkylation of human hair keratin allows for adjustable drug release rates in hydrogels for medical use.
71 citations,
May 2006 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” TTD hair brittleness is caused by multiple structural abnormalities.
42 citations,
January 2011 in “Journal of Biomedical Optics” Infrared and Raman imaging can non-destructively analyze hair structure and help diagnose hair conditions.
35 citations,
February 2006 in “Textile Research Journal” Enzymes xylanase and pectinase clean wool and specialty hair fibers effectively without damage, offering an eco-friendly alternative to soap and hot water.
30 citations,
January 2009 in “The scientific world journal/TheScientificWorldjournal” Hair is hard to dissolve because of its complex proteins, but certain solvents that break specific bonds and hydrate can do it.
20 citations,
December 2012 in “Journal of molecular structure” The study found that thioglycolic acid breaks down hair bonds more consistently than l-cysteine, which is less damaging to hair.
13 citations,
March 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Hair coloring increases copper and calcium uptake, damaging hair and reducing shine.
12 citations,
June 2011 in “Journal of applied polymer science” L-phenylalanine and hydrolyzed eggwhite protein deeply penetrate human hair.
9 citations,
July 2014 in “Skin research and technology” Stretching damages Caucasian hair's structure more easily than Asian hair.
3 citations,
September 2021 in “Data in brief” Bleaching hair changes its structure and weakens it, which is important for understanding hair damage and creating treatments.
2 citations,
January 2015 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Washing permed hair after using thioglycolic acid helps reform strong bonds, making hair stronger.
November 2022 in “International journal of trichology” Glyoxylic acid straighteners cause more protein loss but have similar hair strength effects as traditional alkaline straighteners.
Hidradenitis Suppurativa has genetic links, with certain gene mutations more common in patients and a third of cases having a family history.
January 2013 in “프로그램북(구 초록집)” Hair perms or treatments seem safe to use up to 3 to 4 times during pregnancy.
January 2008 in “Chinese Journal of Spectroscopy Laboratory” Cysteine formation on hair indicates damage, best detected at pH 4.5.
13 citations,
January 2010 in “Advances in Biochemical Engineering / Biotechnology” Understanding hair biology is key to developing better treatments for hair and scalp issues.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” PX-12 may help treat psoriasis by blocking inflammation and cell death.
37 citations,
October 2015 in “PeerJ” Perming significantly changes hair's molecular structure, while shampoo and conditioner do not.
1 citations,
May 2022 in “The FASEB journal” The document concludes that biotin, folate, and RGD peptides are promising for targeting cancer cells with prodrugs, but the conjugates are not yet tested for use.
52 citations,
February 2005 in “Biopolymers” Chemical hair straightening changes hair proteins and mostly fixes broken bonds.
42 citations,
April 2008 in “Acta materialia” Different ethnicities and treatments affect human hair strength and structure.
40 citations,
July 2015 in “Journal of Cellular Biochemistry” Cysteine helps maintain keratin production in skin cells even when iron is low.
40 citations,
June 2013 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Brazilian keratin treatments can straighten hair but may contain harmful formaldehyde.
36 citations,
November 2019 in “Molecular biology and evolution” Cysteine-rich keratins evolved independently in mammals, reptiles, and birds for hard skin structures like hair, claws, and feathers.
22 citations,
March 2018 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology” New acne treatments show promise as alternatives to traditional therapies.
4 citations,
July 2016 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Dermatologists should use hair relaxers carefully to avoid hair and scalp damage, following specific guidelines for application and maintenance.