7 citations,
January 2001 in “Comprehensive series in photosciences” UV radiation significantly damages hair, especially with humidity, making it more vulnerable to further damage.
20 citations,
December 2012 in “Journal of molecular structure” The study found that thioglycolic acid breaks down hair bonds more consistently than l-cysteine, which is less damaging to hair.
17 citations,
June 2012 in “Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution” Hair in mammals likely evolved from glandular structures, not scales.
3 citations,
August 1980 in “Acs Symposium Series” Hair increases in size when it absorbs water, and treatments like bleaching affect how much water it can take in.
August 2007 in “Microscopy and Microanalysis” Hair fibers break by cuticle cell slipping, shape changing, cuticle fraying, and surface cracking when stretched under specific conditions.
13 citations,
March 2006 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” The study found that a polymer treatment changes the charge on hair surfaces, making bleached hair smoother and less porous.
52 citations,
August 1978 in “Journal of Applied Polymer Science” Human hair's ability to get wet is complex and can change with treatments, damage, and environment.
6 citations,
December 2018 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” CARB is a strong barrier in human hair that prevents dye penetration.
19 citations,
July 1964 in “PubMed” Hair follicle cells become four types: medulla, cortex, cuticle, and inner root sheath.
5 citations,
December 2020 in “International journal of biological macromolecules” Treatments improved hair surface and scale structure but didn't increase certain bonds in the hair cortex.
15 citations,
May 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” The cell membrane complex in mammalian hair has three distinct types with different structures and chemical properties.
1 citations,
July 2023 in “Biomimetics” A new hair treatment using a natural polyphenol complex improves hair strength, reduces static, and protects against UV damage.
10 citations,
January 2012 in “Journal of biomedical optics” Melanin density affects hair color, and this method can help in cosmetic assessments and diagnosing hair diseases.
9 citations,
March 2005 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” The torsional method effectively evaluates hair damage and the performance of hair care ingredients.
January 2013 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Microfibrils are key for permanent waves, and hydrolyzed keratin improves wave formation and hair condition.
9 citations,
April 2019 in “Journal of structural biology” Hair's internal fibers are arranged in a pattern that doesn't let much water in, and treatments like oils and heat change how much water hair can absorb.
10 citations,
January 2002 in “Nihon Keshouhin Gijutsushakaishi/Journal of S C C./Nihon Keshouhin Gijutsushakai kaishi” The cuticle significantly contributes to hair stiffness, making up about 60% of the total bending stress.
10 citations,
November 2016 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” A tough membrane between the outer and inner layers of human hair protects it from damage.
3 citations,
April 2011 in “Microscopy research and technique” Teratoma hair is similar to scalp hair but has a rougher surface and lower adhesive force.
117 citations,
August 2005 in “Ultramicroscopy” Human hair's strength and flexibility vary by ethnicity, damage, and treatment.
4 citations,
June 2016 in “PubMed” Repeated dyeing and shampooing cause hair color loss and damage.
17 citations,
January 2011 in “Skin Research and Technology” Hair from people with seborrheic dermatitis is thicker scaled, more damaged, and thinner than healthy hair, and atomic force microscopy can help monitor the condition.
24 citations,
November 2015 in “Scientific reports” Human hair has a new region with ordered filaments and the cuticle contains β-keratin sheets.
January 2020 in “Indian dermatology online journal” Hair styling products can damage hair over time.
7 citations,
August 2018 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Chemical hair straightening improves smoothness and shine but may cause side effects, suggesting a need for safer methods.
18 citations,
November 2010 in “Journal of morphology” Antler velvet hair and body hair of red deer have different structures that help with protection and insulation.
18 citations,
August 2014 in “Lipids” Human hair has more unsaturated fats inside than on the surface, and certain lipids may help bind the outer and inner layers together.
6 citations,
September 2018 in “ACS applied bio materials” Calcium fatty acid deposits found in human hair can change its appearance and feel.
10 citations,
October 2001 in “PubMed” The conclusion is that substances can penetrate hair fibers through multiple pathways, including both the cell membrane complex and the non-keratinous parts.
13 citations,
March 2019 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Heat damages hair, with Asian hair losing more protein than Caucasian hair.