10 citations,
January 2002 in “Nihon Keshouhin Gijutsushakaishi/Journal of S C C./Nihon Keshouhin Gijutsushakai kaishi” The cuticle significantly contributes to hair stiffness, making up about 60% of the total bending stress.
10 citations,
November 2016 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” A tough membrane between the outer and inner layers of human hair protects it from damage.
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3 citations,
April 2011 in “Microscopy research and technique” Teratoma hair is similar to scalp hair but has a rougher surface and lower adhesive force.
117 citations,
August 2005 in “Ultramicroscopy” Human hair's strength and flexibility vary by ethnicity, damage, and treatment.
4 citations,
June 2016 in “PubMed” Repeated dyeing and shampooing cause hair color loss and damage.
15 citations,
February 1999 in “The anatomical record” Some mutant mice have hair with abnormal cross-linking, mainly in the cuticle, not affecting other hair parts.
40 citations,
March 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Growing hair follicles have high mitochondrial activity and ROS in specific regions, aiding hair formation.
August 1985 in “Proceedings ... annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America/Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America” Hair dye can damage dog hair and cause health issues.
12 citations,
July 2016 in “Forensic science international” The research found that postmortem root bands in hair are likely caused by the breakdown of a specific part of the hair's inner structure after death.
17 citations,
June 2011 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” The G60S Connexin43 mutation causes hair growth issues and poor hair quality in mice, similar to human ODDD patients.
August 2005 in “Microscopy and Microanalysis” Polymethylene wax in hair relaxers makes hair smooth and shiny with less damage.
3 citations,
January 2015 in “Mathematical problems in engineering” Hair damage increases significantly with higher temperatures and longer heating times.
15 citations,
January 1998 Frequent blow-drying causes cracks and breakage in hair cuticles.
13 citations,
June 2011 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Human hair absorbs calcium and magnesium from tap water, affecting its structure and styling properties.
15 citations,
August 2015 in “Scanning” Corkscrew and cigarette-ash-shaped hairs in tinea capitis are caused by internal hair degradation and external resistance.
4 citations,
April 2018 in “The journal of pediatrics/The Journal of pediatrics” A 6-year-old girl's inability to grow her hair long was due to Loose Anagen Hair Syndrome, which causes hair to shed easily and may improve with age.
5 citations,
May 2021 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Healthy scalp leads to better hair quality and less damage.
36 citations,
August 2011 in “Journal of dermatological science” Human hair has a protective lipid layer that can be damaged by moisture and treatments, affecting hair growth and health.
3 citations,
October 2006 in “Journal of dermatology” X-ray microscopy can non-invasively show hair structure changes after treatments, but it's less detailed than TEM and needs improvement.
51 citations,
January 2007 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Scientists discovered a unique hair protein, KAP24.1, with a special structure, found only in the upper part of hair cuticles.
11 citations,
January 2016 in “Biointerphases” The hair's outermost surface has multiple layers of lipids and proteins.
15 citations,
July 2004 in “Journal of morphology” Monotreme hair structure and protein distribution are similar to other mammals, but their inner root sheath cornifies differently, suggesting a unique evolution from reptile skin.
30 citations,
August 2008 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” TGase 3 helps build hair structure by forming strong bonds between proteins.
10 citations,
March 2005 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Oxidation changes human hair by breaking down fats and forming new acidic groups, affecting how it interacts with conditioners and cosmetics.
9 citations,
February 2022 in “Nature communications” Rare changes in the KRT82 gene are linked to a higher risk of Alopecia Areata.
6 citations,
April 2005 in “Journal of dermatological science” The study found nine new hair protein genes in human hair follicles.
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January 2015 in “Forensic science international” The hair of two ancient Chilean mummies is well-preserved and contains high levels of heavy metals.
September 1997 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” The document concludes that treatments like oral anti-androgens, minoxidil, and topical spironolactone can be effective for hair loss in men and women.
1 citations,
September 2018 in “International journal of research - granthaalayah” Human hair medulla doesn't break down hydrogen peroxide, which may affect hair color formation.
40 citations,
November 1998 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” S100A3 protein is crucial for hair shaft formation in mice.