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TGF-β is crucial for tissue repair and can cause diseases if not properly regulated.

Eph receptors and ephrins may be promising targets for treating diseases, but more understanding is needed for effective and safe therapies.

The guidelines suggest a detailed approach to diagnosing and treating lupus, with a focus on regular check-ups, personalized medicine, and a range of drug options for different cases.

Fibrinogen/LDL apheresis may improve speech perception in sudden hearing loss, especially for those with high fibrinogen and LDL levels.

Targeting the IL-23/IL-17 pathway effectively treats several inflammatory skin diseases.

Lupus affects the body and skin, causing joint pain and skin issues that can be treated with steroids and antimalarial drugs.

Exosomes could potentially enhance tissue repair and regeneration with lower rejection risk and easier production than live cell therapies.

Men generally have more severe COVID-19 cases and higher death rates than women due to biological differences.

Finasteride effectively treats baldness but may cause sexual side effects.

Adult female acne treatment should be personalized, considering individual preferences and pregnancy, using various topical and oral medications while managing side effects and resistance.

Dihydrotestosterone gel improved well-being and sexual function in older men without negatively affecting prostate health.

COVID-19 can cause skin issues like rashes and "COVID toes," and people with skin conditions should adjust their treatments if they get the virus.

New treatments for Alopecia Areata show promise but need to be more effective and affordable.

Nutraceuticals may improve skin health and protect against aging, but more research is needed on their optimal use and possible health risks.

Finasteride treats enlarged prostate, shrinks it, improves urination, but may cause sexual dysfunction and isn't for women or children.

New treatments for male hypogonadism are effective and should be personalized.

Minoxidil and finasteride are effective for male hair loss, minoxidil for female hair loss, and various treatments like corticosteroids work for alopecia areata; treatment should be tailored to the individual.

S5αR inhibitors might help treat schizophrenia and other mental disorders but need more research.

Dutasteride and finasteride do not significantly affect bone density, blood fats, or blood production, but slightly lower PSA levels and minimally impact sexual function in healthy young men.

Advanced nanocarrier and microneedle drug delivery methods are more effective, safer, and less invasive for treating skin diseases.

Liraglutide caused significant weight loss in some obese women with PCOS, especially those with severe obesity and insulin resistance.

Metformin combined with lifestyle changes improves insulin resistance and reduces testosterone levels in women with PCOS more than lifestyle changes alone.

Nanocarrier-loaded gels improve drug delivery for cancer, skin conditions, and hair loss.

5α-reductase inhibitors and alpha-1 adrenergic antagonists together effectively treat benign prostatic hyperplasia, with long-term benefits.

The document concludes that research on sulfatase inhibitors should continue due to their potential in treating various diseases, despite some clinical trial failures.

The LRRK2-G2019S mutation in Parkinson's disease has a lifetime penetrance of 25-35%, and finasteride may help reduce symptoms in adult male Tourette syndrome patients.

Finasteride reduces Tourette syndrome symptoms, but results may be limited due to potential biases.

Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides may help with hair growth, skin moisturization, and protection against oxidative damage.

The document suggests creating a validated score to diagnose Cushing's Syndrome and considers plasma steroid profiling as a simpler diagnostic method.

Certain diets can affect skin conditions, but more research is needed to understand these relationships fully.