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Skin changes can help diagnose and manage endocrine disorders like thyroid problems, diabetes, and adrenal gland conditions.

Mutant mice help researchers understand hair growth and related genetic factors.

Keratin 15 is not a reliable sole marker for identifying epidermal stem cells because it's found in various cell types.

Skin diseases differ between Ghana and the UK, with infections most common in Ghana and malignant skin diseases most prevalent in the UK.

Treatments for melanin disorders exist, but more effective options needed.

Skin development in mammals is controlled by key proteins and signals from underlying cells, involving stem cells for maintenance and repair.

Skin problems in COVID-19 patients are rare and may be due to the body's complex immune response or blood clotting issues.

Inherited ichthyoses cause widespread skin scaling and thickening due to gene mutations.

COVID-19 can cause various skin lesions, which may result from the virus and immune response, and are not directly linked to illness severity.

Correcting nutrient deficiencies may help with hair loss, but the benefits of supplements without a deficiency are uncertain and could be harmful.

Excessive selenium from a supplement caused toxicity but patients recovered with care.

Women with PCOS often have skin problems like excessive hair, acne, hair loss, and dark patches, which can be treated with hormonal and non-hormonal therapies.

Taking low-dose spironolactone and metformin together works better for PCOS symptoms than either drug alone.

Minoxidil and finasteride are effective for male hair loss, minoxidil for female hair loss, and various treatments like corticosteroids work for alopecia areata; treatment should be tailored to the individual.

The document concludes that skin biopsies, genetic and environmental factors, and specific treatments are important in managing cutaneous lupus erythematosus.

Lasers and light sources can effectively remove hair, work best on fair skin with dark hair, and usually need multiple treatments.

The protein folliculin, involved in a rare disease, works with another protein to control how cells stick together and their organization, and changes in this interaction can lead to disease symptoms.

Fetal skin cells from a cell bank heal wounds faster and with less scarring than adult cells.

Keratin proteins are crucial for healthy skin, but mutations can cause skin disorders with no effective treatments yet.

The nude gene causes skin cell overgrowth and improper development, leading to hair and urinary issues.

Advanced human skin models improve drug development and could replace animal testing.

Skin problems are very common in people with end-stage kidney disease.

European guidelines recommend regular eye and ear exams, skin care, vitamin D supplements, and cautious use of medications for managing congenital ichthyoses.

Zinc supplements increased zinc levels in some hair loss patients but didn't significantly improve hair growth.

Prolactin affects the production of different keratins in human hair, which could lead to new treatments for skin and hair disorders.

Some patients taking antipsychotic medications experience skin reactions, ranging from mild to severe.

The 308-nm excimer laser is a promising treatment for vitiligo with varying success and mild side effects.

Sunlight worsens hair loss; protect scalp.

Apoptosis is crucial for healthy skin and treating skin diseases.

There are still challenges in diagnosing and treating chronic skin diseases, but there is hope for future improvements.