103 citations,
October 2003 in “Birth Defects Research” Both genes and environmental factors like chemicals may contribute to the increase in hypospadias, but the exact causes are still unclear.
65 citations,
September 2010 in “Journal of the Neurological Sciences” Kennedy's disease leads to muscle weakness and sensory issues, has no cure but manageable symptoms, and future treatments look promising.
57 citations,
May 1986 in “Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism” Androstanediol glucuronide is a reliable marker for hirsutism in women.
47 citations,
August 2000 in “Endocrine Reviews” The document concludes that more research is needed to understand excessive hair growth in women with normal hormone levels and regular ovulation.
2 citations,
March 2004 in “Reviews in Gynaecological Practice” Hormonal changes and psychological issues can cause sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women. Behavioral therapy is recommended first, with hormone replacement helping some symptoms but not libido. Testosterone can improve libido, but its effects on overall sexual function are unclear. Emotional and relationship issues should be addressed before using medication, and the benefits and risks of testosterone supplementation should be considered.
51 citations,
August 2012 in “Differentiation” Mouse genital development depends on male or female hormones for specific features.
January 1989 in “Handbook of experimental pharmacology” Drugs can change hair growth and this is important because it can upset people.
11 citations,
August 2013 in “Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America” New cell-based therapies may improve hair loss treatments in the future.
187 citations,
January 1994 in “The New England Journal of Medicine” Finasteride treats enlarged prostate and may help with baldness, but effects on sexual function and male fetuses are unclear.
153 citations,
March 2017 in “Endocrine” Male pattern baldness involves genetics, hormones, and needs better treatments.
57 citations,
October 2013 in “international journal of endocrinology and metabolism” Female pattern hair loss is common, linked to polycystic ovarian syndrome, and treated with topical Minoxidil.
49 citations,
August 2003 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Higher IGF-1 levels in hair follicles link to better finasteride results for hair loss.
30 citations,
July 2004 in “Fertility and Sterility” Amenorrhea is when a woman doesn't have periods, with primary amenorrhea starting by age 15 or within five years of breast development, and secondary amenorrhea when periods stop for three months. It affects 3-4% of women not pregnant, breastfeeding, or in menopause, mainly due to polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and ovarian failure.
24 citations,
January 2001 in “Dermatologic clinics” Hormonal therapy is a treatment option for acne, the only medical treatment for hirsutism, and the most promising for androgenetic alopecia.
21 citations,
September 2004 in “Fertility and Sterility” Amenorrhea, or the absence of periods, should be evaluated by age 15 or within five years of early breast development, and is most commonly caused by conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome and hypothalamic amenorrhea.
15 citations,
March 1997 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Finasteride shows promise for treating hair loss and excessive hair growth, but more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness and safety.
370 citations,
September 1999 in “The New England Journal of Medicine” Finasteride and minoxidil are effective for hair loss, but continued research is needed for better treatments.
112 citations,
October 2005 in “Mayo Clinic Proceedings” Minoxidil and finasteride can slow hair loss and stimulate regrowth, but won't restore all lost hair or reverse complete baldness.
78 citations,
November 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” Amenorrhea is relatively rare and initial testing should check FSH, TSH, and prolactin levels.
55 citations,
March 1990 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Finasteride may treat baldness but less effective for those with 5α-reductase deficiency.
38 citations,
October 2006 in “Fertility and Sterility” The document concludes that identifying the cause of amenorrhea is crucial for proper treatment.
26 citations,
July 1995 in “Neurobiology of Aging” Finasteride affects prostate weights and pituitary activity differently with age.
23 citations,
January 2020 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” Dihydrotestosterone affects hair growth by changing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, with low levels helping and high levels hindering growth.
6 citations,
October 1993 in “Endocrinology” Finasteride blocks progesterone production in specific tumor cells, potentially causing side effects.
5 citations,
November 1992 in “Current problems in dermatology” Glucocorticoids are powerful anti-inflammatory drugs that must be used carefully to avoid serious side effects.
46 citations,
March 2001 in “Journal of endocrinological investigation” 5α-reductase inhibitors, like finasteride and dutasteride, effectively treat BPH, male baldness, and hirsutism, with potential for acne and prostate cancer prevention.
22 citations,
October 2018 in “Aesthetic Plastic Surgery” Understanding hair follicle biology and stem cell control could lead to new hair loss treatments.
2 citations,
March 2011 in “Infertility” The conclusion is that lifestyle changes and weight loss are first-line treatments for infertility due to anovulation, with various medications and assisted reproductive technologies as additional options.
1 citations,
February 2022 in “Online journal of biological sciences” The document does not determine if adults with aphallia are fertile.
December 2024 in “Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research” Combining synthetic and herbal treatments may help with hair loss, but more research is needed.