April 2026 in “International Journal of Impotence Research” This review outlines the major health consequences of anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse, with a focus on sexual and reproductive issues, and suggests management prioritizes cessation and relapse prevention due to lack of robust randomized trials.
April 2026 in “Journal of Education Health and Sport” In this study, a literature review highlighted that anabolic-androgenic steroid use in physically active men is associated with adverse effects across multiple body systems, including cardiovascular, endocrine, and psychiatric complications, underscoring the need for increased clinical awareness and further research.
April 2026 in “Quality in Sport” This review discusses the cardiovascular risks and events associated with anabolic-androgenic steroid use, suggesting the need for further research on some effects.
July 2025 in “Medical Science” This review discusses recent studies on the hepatotoxic effects of anabolic androgenic steroids and selective androgen receptor modulators, including liver damage, tumors, and related conditions, and reports no new primary research results.
June 2025 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This review discusses the impact of performance-enhancing substances, like androgenic steroids, on female athletes, particularly focusing on female pattern hair loss and associated physical and psychosocial issues, and highlights the need for further research.
April 2025 in “Sabuncuoglu Serefeddin Health Sciences” This study highlights the public health significance of androgenic-anabolic steroid use disorder, emphasizing health risks, societal effects, and the need for routine AAS analyses in forensic autopsies, especially in athlete deaths.
January 2025 in “Digital Commons - Gardner-Webb University (Gardner–Webb University)” This review discusses the adverse effects and societal influence of anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse, emphasizing its severe long-term health risks and calling for increased awareness and regulation; it reports no new results.
December 2024 in “Quality in Sport” This review found that hormones significantly impact women's health and athletic performance, influencing the menstrual cycle, menopause, and exercise responses, while therapies like contraception and hormone replacement require personalized approaches to balance benefits and risks.
June 2024 in “LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)” This study highlights that anabolic steroid use is prevalent among bodybuilders in Sergipe, regardless of socioeconomic background, with many experiencing acute and chronic side effects.
March 2024 in “Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Science” This study investigated the effects of nandrolone decanoate on adult rabbits and reported that administering 10 mg/kg for 15 days caused harmful histological changes in the heart, liver, and kidneys, including inflammation and tissue degeneration.
July 2023 in “The journal of sexual medicine” This study concluded that anabolic-androgenic steroids negatively impact male reproductive health, including reduced testosterone production, impaired sperm production, and increased risk of sexual dysfunction and metabolic issues.
January 2018 in “Medicinski pregled” This review highlights the various nonmedical uses of anabolic androgenic steroids and associated polypharmacy, suggesting that preventing their abuse should be a public health priority, but it reports no new findings.
September 2017 in “Springer eBooks” This paper reports that certain supplements, particularly whey protein isolate, growth hormones, and anabolic precursors, have a significant negative effect on hair loss.
March 2017 in “Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” This study found that Iraqi male bodybuilders abusing anabolic androgenic steroids experienced significant changes in sex hormones, liver and kidney function, and lipid profiles compared to non-AAS-using controls.
100 citations
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October 2006 in “Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry” This study describes a fast LC/MS/MS method for detecting various synthetic drugs in urine, meeting World Anti-Doping Agency performance limits.
7 citations
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February 2024 in “The Journal of Physiology” This study suggests that male sex and androgenic steroid use increase the risk of atrial arrhythmias in individuals with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, especially those with desmosomal gene mutations.
15 citations
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August 2016 in “Current Urology Reports” Nandrolone and oxandrolone could help treat male health issues like muscle loss and low testosterone.
13 citations
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October 2019 in “Oncology Reports” This review discusses the complex relationship between anabolic substances and colorectal cancer risk, reporting ambiguous findings on their carcinogenic properties, potential synergy with risk factors, and protective roles.
23 citations
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July 2012 in “Calcified Tissue International” In this study, a single dose of PTH–CBD produced a sustained increase in bone mineral density for up to a year in mice, indicating its potential as an osteoporosis treatment.
11 citations
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May 2009 in “Medical Hypotheses” This paper proposes a theory explaining how the normal anabolic effects of androgens lead to structural changes and hair follicle miniaturization, contributing to androgenic alopecia.
January 2025 in “Buleria (Universidad de León)”
103 citations
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June 2006 in “British journal of sports medicine” This review discusses the use of anabolic-androgenic steroids in sports and outlines current methods for detecting urinary steroid doping, particularly testosterone, but reports no new experimental findings.
This source offers an in-depth review of Methandrostenolone, examining its pharmacology, performance-enhancing effects, potential health risks, and legal status in various countries, while emphasizing the scientific evidence surrounding its use and misuse.
May 2023 in “BMC Women's Health” This study found that female patients in Finnish specialized health care with a history of doping use exhibited high rates of psychiatric and substance use disorder morbidity, with less than half of those using anabolic androgenic steroids showing atypical red blood cell parameters.
January 2019 in “Springer eBooks” Acne can appear or persist in adulthood due to hormonal changes, external factors, or substance use, and requires appropriate treatment.
140 citations
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January 2021 in “Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition” This source reports that while creatine supplementation is popular for improving muscle mass and performance, questions about its efficacy and safety persist. An expert team is reviewing literature to address concerns like water retention, renal effects, and its benefits across different populations and uses.
129 citations
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January 2004 in “Journal of medicinal chemistry” This study synthesized nonsteroidal ligands as second-generation androgen receptor agonists and identified three compounds with significant anabolic activity and moderate to minimal androgenic activity in vivo.
124 citations
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March 2012 in “JAMA” This abstract discusses the unclear role of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in postembryonic life in marsupials and possibly humans, reporting no new findings.
92 citations
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November 2003 in “The Journals of Gerontology” This study indicated that while testosterone replacement in older men with low testosterone increases muscle mass and strength and reduces fat, its effects on physical function, disability, falls, or fractures remain unclear.
72 citations
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October 1998 in “Baillière's clinical endocrinology and metabolism” This article discusses the potential effects of exogenous testosterone, highlighting that its impact on prostate cancer progression, cardiovascular health, and behavior remains uncertain and needs further investigation.