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    Glossary Activator Protein 1

    transcription factor regulating gene expression and cellular processes

    Activator Protein 1 (AP-1) is a transcription factor, which means it helps control the expression of certain genes. It is a complex of proteins that binds to specific DNA sequences, thereby regulating processes like cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. In the context of hair biology, AP-1 can influence the growth cycle of hair follicles and may play a role in conditions like alopecia.

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    1. Activator Protein-1 Activity Regulates Epithelial Tumor Cell Identity Cancer Research · 2006 · 70 citations
    2. Data from Activator Protein-1 Activity Regulates Epithelial Tumor Cell Identity 2023
    3. Data from Activator Protein-1 Activity Regulates Epithelial Tumor Cell Identity 2023
    4. Purified Vitexin Compound 1 Inhibits UVA-Induced Cellular Senescence in Human Dermal Fibroblasts by Binding Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · 2020 · 3 citations
    5. Oral contraceptive pill (OCP) treatment alters the gene expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women compared to drug-naive PCOS women BMC women's health · 2023 · 2 citations
    6. Loss of Repressor Activator Protein 1 Precipitates Cardiac Aging in Mice via p53/PPARα Signaling The FASEB Journal · 2020
    7. Activation of Cutaneous Protein Kinase Cα Induces Keratinocyte Apoptosis and Intraepidermal Inflammation by Independent Signaling Pathways The Journal of Immunology · 2003 · 74 citations
    8. Reconstructing protein conformations to activate follicular enzyme-nutrient reservoirs for reversing follicle aging Bioactive Materials · 2026
    9. Phosphatidic Acid Has a Potential to Promote Hair Growth In Vitro and In Vivo, and Activates Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Kinase in Hair Epithelial Cells 2003 · 46 citations
    10. Matriptase activation and shedding with HAI-1 is induced by steroid sex hormones in human prostate cancer cells, but not in breast cancer cells American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2006 · 56 citations
    11. 1017 The prostaglandin F2α analog bimatoprost activates secondary hair germ cells to promote hair growth through two distinct signaling pathways Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2026
    12. 1392 Activation of Id2 gene regulatory network ruling quiescence of hair follicle stem cells Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2018
    13. Optimization of the method for the culture of melanocyte precursors from hair follicles and their activation by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · 2013 · 7 citations
    14. Interleukin-1β Is Differentially Expressed by Human Dermal Papilla Cells in Response to PKC Activation and Is a Potent Inhibitor of Human Hair Follicle Growth in Organ Culture Journal of interferon & cytokine research · 1997 · 38 citations
    15. Polyamine Oxidase Expression Is Downregulated by 17β-Estradiol via Estrogen Receptor 2 in Human MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2022 · 8 citations
    16. LL-37 stimulates the functions of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells via early growth response 1 and the MAPK pathway Stem cell research & therapy · 2016 · 53 citations
    17. <i>Ishige sinicola</i> extract stimulates osteoblast proliferation and differentiation via the bone morphogenetic protein 2/runt-related gene 2 signalling pathway Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C · 2019 · 4 citations
    18. Faculty Opinions recommendation of Competitive balance of intrabulge BMP/Wnt signaling reveals a robust gene network ruling stem cell homeostasis and cyclic activation. Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · 2013
    19. PTEN Mediates Activation of Core Clock Protein BMAL1 and Accumulation of Epidermal Stem Cells Stem cell reports · 2017 · 22 citations
    20. Ligand-Dependent Actions of the Vitamin D Receptor Are Required for Activation of TGF-β Signaling during the Inflammatory Response to Cutaneous Injury Endocrinology · 2012 · 56 citations
    21. Stress-induced c-Jun-dependent Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) Activation Dissects the Non-classical VDR Pathway from the Classical VDR Activity 2007 · 31 citations
    22. 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate Induces Apoptosis in Renal Epithelial Cells through a Growth Signal Conflict Which Is Prevented by Activated ras1 Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · 2001 · 4 citations
    23. The effects of infrared radiation on the human skin Photodermatology, Photoimmunology and Photomedicine · 2023
    24. Thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor and other hemostatic parameters in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome Gynecological Endocrinology · 2009 · 29 citations
    25. Sesamin alleviates androgenetic alopecia by targeting the AR MAPK Wnt axis Scientific Reports · 2026
    26. Identification of Immune Microenvironment Changes, Immune-Related Pathways and Genes in Male Androgenetic Alopecia Research Square (Research Square) · 2023
    27. Langerin+ Dendritic Cells in Cutaneous Fibrosis: The TGF-β1 Signaling Axis Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology · 2025
    28. Hair growth–promoting effects of Enz_MoriL on human dermal papilla cells through modulation of the Wnt/β-Catenin and JAK-STAT signaling pathways Archives of dermatological research · 2024
    29. Proteomics Characterization of Primary Human Oral Epithelial Cells Using a Novel Culture Technique for Use in Tissue Regeneration MOJ proteomics & bioinformatics · 2015
    30. <i>Malva verticillata</i>seed extracts upregulate the Wnt pathway in human dermal papilla cells International Journal of Cosmetic Science · 2015 · 25 citations