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    Glossary 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide

    active metabolite of cyclophosphamide used in chemotherapy

    4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide (4-HC) is an active metabolite of the chemotherapy drug cyclophosphamide. It is formed in the liver and is responsible for the drug's therapeutic effects, as well as some of its side effects. 4-HC works by interfering with the DNA of rapidly dividing cells, which makes it effective in treating certain cancers and autoimmune diseases.

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    1. Prevention of chemotherapy drug-mediated human hair follicle damage: combined use of cooling with antioxidant suppresses oxidative stress and prevents matrix keratinocyte cytotoxicity Frontiers in Pharmacology · 2025 · 4 citations
    2. Dissecting the Impact of Chemotherapy on the Human Hair Follicle ˜The œAmerican journal of pathology · 2007 · 99 citations
    3. Priming mobilization of hair follicle stem cells triggers permanent loss of regeneration after alkylating chemotherapy Nature Communications · 2019 · 32 citations
    4. Hair-Growth Potential of Ginseng and Its Major Metabolites: A Review on Its Molecular Mechanisms International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2018 · 52 citations
    5. S100A8 induces cyclophosphamide-induced alopecia via NCF2/NOX2-mediated ferroptosis Free Radical Biology and Medicine · 2025 · 2 citations
    6. BIO-ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF FINASTERIDE, TADALAFIL, AND ITS APPLICATION TO PHARMACOKINETIC STUDIES IN RAT PLASMA BY USING LC-MS/MS International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics · 2024
    7. Effect of N-acetylcysteine on hair follicle changes in mouse model of cyclophosphamide-induced alopecia: histological and biochemical study Histochemistry and cell biology · 2024
    8. Proceedings of the Ninth World Congress for Hair Research (2015) Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings · 2017
    9. Synthesis and 5α-Reductase Inhibitory Activity of C21 Steroids Having 1,4-diene or 4,6-diene 20-ones and 4-Azasteroid 20-Oximes Molecules · 2011 · 186 citations
    10. The Antiandrogenic Action of 4–Androsten–3–one–17β– Carboxylic Acid and Its Methyl Ester on Hamster Flank Organ1 Endocrinology · 1973 · 87 citations
    11. Involvement of 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal in pollution‐induced skin damage BioFactors · 2019 · 50 citations
    12. [4-t-Butylphenyl]-N-(4-imidazol-1-yl phenyl)sulfonamide (ISCK03) inhibits SCF/c-kit signaling in 501mel human melanoma cells and abolishes melanin production in mice and brownish guinea pigs Biochemical Pharmacology · 2007 · 26 citations
    13. 13C-NMR study of 4-azasteroids in solution and solid state Steroids · 2002 · 25 citations
    14. New approach to 3-oxo-4-aza-5α-androst-1-ene-17β-(--butylcarboxamide) Steroids · 2005 · 14 citations
    15. 4 Vitamin D resistance Baillière's clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 1994 · 13 citations
    16. 4-aminopyridine attenuates inflammation and apoptosis and increases angiogenesis to promote skin regeneration following a burn injury in mice Cell Death Discovery · 2024 · 11 citations
    17. 4-(Alkylthio)- and 4-(arylthio)-benzonitrile derivatives as androgen receptor antagonists for the topical suppression of sebum production Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · 2009 · 11 citations
    18. Preparation of 4-aryl-2-trifluoromethylbenzonitrile derivatives as androgen receptor antagonists for topical suppression of sebum production Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · 2007 · 11 citations
    19. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 4-(4-(Alkyl-and Phenylaminocarbonyl)benzoyl)benzoic Acid Derivatives as Non-steroidal Inhibitors of Steroid 5α-Reductase Isozymes 1 and 2 Archiv Der Pharmazie · 2002 · 8 citations
    20. 4‐MAPC, a 5α‐Reductase Inhibitor, Reduces Rat Ventral Prostate Weight, DNA, and Prostatein Concentrations Journal of Andrology · 1991 · 7 citations
    21. 4 Anti-androgens in gynaecological practice Baillière's clinical obstetrics and gynaecology · 1988 · 7 citations
    22. 4-<i>O</i>-Methylhonokiol Protects HaCaT Cells from TGF-β1-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest by Regulating Canonical and Non-Canonical Pathways of TGF-β Signaling Biomolecules & Therapeutics · 2017 · 5 citations
    23. The hair growth promoting effect of 4-O-methylhonokiol European Journal of Dermatology · 2011 · 3 citations
    24. Topical SCD-153, a 4-methyl itaconate prodrug, for the treatment of alopecia areata PNAS nexus · 2022 · 2 citations
    25. 4-O-Methylhonokiol: A lesser-known neolignan from Magnolia species with diverse and promising pharmacological properties Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science · 2022 · 2 citations
    26. Prooxidant and antioxidant action of 4-(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzoic acid derivatives Biopolymers · 2004 · 2 citations
    27. 4‐octyl itaconate alleviates cisplatin‐induced ferroptosis possibly via activating the NRF2/HO‐1 signalling pathway Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · 2024 · 1 citations
    28. Integrating multi-omics analyses of Nonomuraea dietziae to reveal the role of soybean oil in [(4′-OH)MeLeu]4-CsA overproduction Microbial Cell Factories · 2017 · 1 citations
    29. Topical 4‐Aminopyridine 5% in Male Androgenetic Alopecia: A Split‐Scalp Exploratory Series Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology · 2026
    30. Topical Delivery of 4-Aminopyridine Enhances Skin Regeneration in Burn Wounds 2025