February 2026 in “Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetology” This study found that the viscosity of silicone oil in hair treatments significantly affects wave curling performance and hair damage, with untreated and chemically treated hair showing different optimal viscosities.
5 citations
,
June 2013 in “Fashion business” This study found that adding rose hip extract to permanent wave solutions increased wave effectiveness and reduced hair damage, although variations in hair type may affect the results.
45 citations
,
December 2006 in “Biopolymers” This study found that permanent waving treatment induces structural changes in the cortex proteins of white human hair, significantly reducing its tensile strength without altering the S-S band intensity.
5 citations
,
January 1990 in “Journal of Society of Cosmetic Chemists of Japan” This study found that permanent wave lotion I extracts proteins from human hair, with molecular weights ranging from 5,000 to 65,000, which may elucidate hair damage mechanisms.
2 citations
,
September 2010 in “Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society” This study found that increasing collagen concentration to 2% in permanent wave treatments reduced hair damage but impaired curl formation.