45 citations
,
December 2006 in “Biopolymers” This study found that permanent waving treatment induces structural changes in the cortex proteins of white human hair, significantly reducing its tensile strength without altering the S-S band intensity.
5 citations
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June 2013 in “Fashion business” This study found that adding rose hip extract to permanent wave solutions increased wave effectiveness and reduced hair damage, although variations in hair type may affect the results.
5 citations
,
January 1990 in “Journal of Society of Cosmetic Chemists of Japan” This study found that permanent wave lotion I extracts proteins from human hair, with molecular weights ranging from 5,000 to 65,000, which may elucidate hair damage mechanisms.
2 citations
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September 2010 in “Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society” This study found that increasing collagen concentration to 2% in permanent wave treatments reduced hair damage but impaired curl formation.
1 citations
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April 2021 in “Han'gug miyong haghoeji/Journal of the Korean society of cosmetology” In this study, researchers found that using 0.75% aspartic acid as an intermediate agent for a permanent wave improved wave formation and retention compared to a control in virgin hair, also reducing cuticle damage and maintaining tensile strength.