February 2026 in “Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetology” This study found that the viscosity of silicone oil in hair treatments significantly affects wave curling performance and hair damage, with untreated and chemically treated hair showing different optimal viscosities.
5 citations
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June 2013 in “Fashion business” This study found that adding rose hip extract to permanent wave solutions increased wave effectiveness and reduced hair damage, although variations in hair type may affect the results.
45 citations
,
December 2006 in “Biopolymers” This study found that permanent waving treatment induces structural changes in the cortex proteins of white human hair, significantly reducing its tensile strength without altering the S-S band intensity.
5 citations
,
January 1990 in “Journal of Society of Cosmetic Chemists of Japan” This study found that permanent wave lotion I extracts proteins from human hair, with molecular weights ranging from 5,000 to 65,000, which may elucidate hair damage mechanisms.
2 citations
,
September 2010 in “Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society” This study found that increasing collagen concentration to 2% in permanent wave treatments reduced hair damage but impaired curl formation.
1 citations
,
April 2021 in “Han'gug miyong haghoeji/Journal of the Korean society of cosmetology” In this study, researchers found that using 0.75% aspartic acid as an intermediate agent for a permanent wave improved wave formation and retention compared to a control in virgin hair, also reducing cuticle damage and maintaining tensile strength.
1 citations
,
January 2013 in “PubMed” In this study, treating hair with thioglycolic acid was found to alter disulfide bond patterns in keratin-associated proteins, shifting them from an ellipsoidal to a near-spherical shape.
September 2014 in “Daehan miyong hakoeji” Adding 2% glycerin or hyaluronic acid to permanent wave treatments reduces hair damage, with hyaluronic acid being more effective.
This study found that adding Rosehip extract to permanent waving products with cysteine improved waving efficiency and reduced hair damage compared to thioglycolate-based products.
January 2013 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” This study found that microfibrils play a crucial role in shaping permanent waves by thioglycolic acid, and treating damaged hair with hydrolyzed keratin improved both waving efficiency and hair damage.
70 citations
,
June 1998 in “Polymer” This study found that permanent waving treatment partially disrupts the α-helical structure in human hair microfibrils, primarily during the initial reduction phase, rather than just affecting disulphide bonds.
February 2022 in “Cosmetic Dermatology” This review discusses the history and composition of permanent hair waving products for different hair types and reports no new research findings.
January 2012 in “Jounal of The Korean Society of cosmetology” Applying conditioner mid-treatment reduces hair damage during perms.
1 citations
,
July 2024 in “Cutis” This paper highlights that traction alopecia is common among certain ethnic groups and occupations due to tight hairstyling practices, but early-stage hair loss can often be reversed with treatment and by avoiding these styling habits, as observed in Hispanic and Black women.
6 citations
,
October 2006 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This article discusses central trichoptilosis with onycholysis but provides no new clinical results.
January 2020 in “한국미용학회지” This study found that incorporating Musa extracts in pretreatment products effectively mitigated hair damage during permanent wave application, closely maintaining hair thickness and tensile strength compared to untreated hair.
January 2013 in “프로그램북(구 초록집)” This review discusses the chemical processes involved in hair styling and straightening and reports no new results; the authors highlight pregnancy safety with hair treatments during pregnancy.
4 citations
,
January 2007 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” This study found that permanent wave treatment accelerates hair degradation after protease exposure, showing significant morphological differences compared to untreated hair and linked to damage from Alpha-helical region denaturation.
January 2012 in “한국미용학회지” In this study, applying hair conditioner during the middle of a permanent wave operation resulted in better tensile strength, hydration, and cuticle health compared to other application times.
January 2018 in “Springer eBooks” This review discusses the factors affecting laser hair removal results and adverse events, emphasizing the need for more research to determine optimal treatment parameters; it reports no new clinical findings.
June 2016 in “한국디자인문화학회지” This study found that ultraviolet A rays damage all hair types, with stronger adverse effects on colored and permanently waved hair, suggesting the use of sunblock products for hair protection.
August 2026 in “Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetology” In this study, researchers observed that Sedum takesimense extract improved the surface properties, moisture retention, tensile strength, and wave formation of damaged hair compared to a water control, even after additional chemical and UV damage, suggesting its potential as a protective hair treatment.
In this research, low-fluence light-based hair removal was explored, revealing its potential for at-home use with improvements in efficacy and safety, particularly for dark skin individuals, although further studies are necessary.
This study found that applying hair conditioner during a permanent wave process in the middle rather than early or late improves tensile strength, hydration, and maintains healthier hair cuticle structure.
June 2005 in “British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery” This study found that two years after treatment, the continuous-wave Sharplan 40C SilkTouch laser system led to better collagen organization compared to the pulsed Coherent 5000C UltraPulse system in patients who underwent skin resurfacing.
In this review of permanent hairstyles like perms, the authors discuss the chemical processes involved and highlight potential risks such as hair and scalp damage, emphasizing the need for careful client assessment and safe application techniques to mitigate these risks.
150 citations
,
April 1999 in “Dermatologic Clinics” This article reviews the biological and physical principles of laser hair removal and reports that current laser systems do not consistently achieve permanent hair follicle destruction across treated areas.
127 citations
,
December 2007 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This review examines regenerative hair waves and complex hair cycle domains in transgenic mice, highlighting how these dynamic processes contribute to skin regeneration and the physiological regulation of organs, but reports no new experimental results.
July 2024 in “Federal Practitioner” Act quickly to prevent permanent hair loss from tight hairstyles.
4 citations
,
April 1999 in “Dermatologic Clinics” This study found that the long-pulsed ruby laser effectively delays hair growth and has the potential for permanent hair removal with minimal pain and side effects, offering an advantage over traditional hair removal methods.