January 2026 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” This study found that targeting both hormonal and immune pathways improved treatment outcomes in androgenetic alopecia patients with an under-recognized inflammatory component called PIILIF, which may contribute to treatment resistance.
1 citations
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September 2021 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This study observed that inflammation in androgenetic alopecia samples was similar to alopecia areata controls, but infundibular and isthmic inflammation were significantly more common in androgenetic alopecia cases.
14 citations
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August 2004 in “Veterinary Dermatology” In this study, a thoroughbred mare exhibited a unique case of alopecia areata with lymphocytic infiltration at both the bulbar and isthmic levels of hair follicles.
14 citations
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March 2002 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study found that serum MIF levels were significantly higher in patients with extensive alopecia areata compared to those with mild alopecia areata and healthy individuals.
17 citations
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May 1998 in “Contact Dermatitis” Minoxidil can cause pustular allergic reactions on skin.