regulates cell growth and differentiation in the TGF-β pathway
SMAD3, also known as Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3, is a protein that plays a crucial role in the TGF-β (transforming growth factor-beta) signaling pathway. This pathway is important for regulating cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Mutations or dysregulation of SMAD3 can be associated with various diseases, including cancer and fibrosis, and it has also been implicated in certain forms of alopecia (hair loss).
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