211 citations
,
June 2012 This review discusses recent advances in skin penetration mechanisms, specifically focusing on the enhanced understanding of the follicular pathway and its implications for transdermal therapies, immune system targeting, and nanoparticle safety.
82 citations
,
May 2009 in “BJCP. British journal of clinical pharmacology/British journal of clinical pharmacology” The study reported that combining the Follicular Closing Technique with the Franz diffusion cell is a valuable method for investigating follicular caffeine penetration in vitro, though kinetics differ from in vivo results.
13 citations
,
October 2012 in “InTech eBooks” Nanocarriers could improve how drugs are delivered through the skin but require more research to overcome challenges and ensure safety.
1 citations
,
December 2022 in “Pharmaceutics” This study found that finasteride-loaded microemulsions using poloxamer 124 significantly enhanced skin penetration of the drug compared to a standard solution, primarily through targeting hair follicles via the transfollicular pathway, with intercluster, intercellular, and transcellular pathways contributing less.
43 citations
,
November 2012 in “Pharmaceutical research” This study found that fractional laser treatment significantly enhances the penetration and targeting of certain permeants, such as imiquimod and FD, to skin follicles, but not hydroquinone.