January 2018 in “Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” In this laboratory study, eucalyptus oil, menthol, and urea were found to enhance the skin permeability of minoxidil in rat skin by increasing flux and diffusion coefficients compared to untreated skin.
16 citations
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March 2008 in “International journal of pharmaceutics” This study found that formulation factors like pH, viscosity, and chemical enhancers can significantly influence intrafollicular hydrocortisone permeation in vitro, with higher pH and enhancers reducing follicular contribution.
October 2024 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” This study aimed to develop a new transdermal patch for treating androgenetic alopecia using finasteride, combined with chemical permeation enhancers to improve drug delivery through the skin, but results of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics evaluations are not reported.
2 citations
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January 2016 This study found that nanoemulsions containing oleic acid or eucalyptol significantly enhanced the skin penetration of caffeine and naproxen compared to aqueous solutions, primarily by increasing solute diffusivity in the stratum corneum.
22 citations
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November 2018 in “Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” This review discusses iontophoresis, low-frequency ultrasound, and microneedles for enhancing topical drug delivery in dermatological treatments and reports no clinical results; it emphasizes their mechanisms and potential uses.