10 citations
,
January 2012 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This study found that thioglycolic acid molecules in hair treatments are primarily located in intrafibrillar unordered areas, where they redistribute disulfide bonds.
January 2014 in “Sen i Gakkaishi” In this study, liposome-encapsulated thioglycolic acid improved hair perming by enhancing the penetration of perm solutions, resulting in a stronger S-shaped wave and higher cysteine content compared to the control.
March 2016 in “The Korean Society of Beauty and Art” This study found that using a hair-hardener improved hair thickness, amino acid content, surface condition, tensile strength, and wave efficiency without causing any allergic reactions in participants.
31 citations
,
November 2003 in “Journal of Occupational Health” This study found that the reproductive function of female hairdressers may be negatively affected by long-term exposure to permanent-waving solutions containing thioglycolic acid, raising concerns about its potential carcinogenic effects.
This review highlights that hair care products can cause adverse effects like irritation dermatitis and allergic contact eczema but does not report new clinical findings.