Viral-Associated Trichodysplasia Spinulosa: A Case with Electron Microscopic and Molecular Detection of the Trichodysplasia Spinulosa-Associated Human Polyomavirus

The document described a case of trichodysplasia spinulosa (TS) in a 7-year-old immunocompromised girl, providing electron microscopic and molecular evidence of the trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated human polyomavirus (TSPyV) in the lesions. This supported the hypothesis that TSPyV played a role in TS pathogenesis. The study highlighted the persistence of TS lesions in immunosuppressed patients and the potential for worsening with hematolymphoid malignancy relapse. Treatment with topical cidofovir and oral valganciclovir showed varying improvement. A review of 20 TS cases indicated a strong association with immunosuppression and solid organ transplantation or hematolymphoid malignancies, emphasizing the importance of considering viral infections in the differential diagnosis of skin conditions in such patients.