Ultrasound-Activated Piezoelectric Hydrogel Scaffold for Synergistic Immunomodulation and Angiogenesis in Accelerated Wound Healing

The study introduces a novel ultrasound-activated piezoelectric hydrogel scaffold made from tilapia collagen, oxidized gellan gum, and amino-modified barium titanate nanoparticles (Col/OG/BTN) to enhance wound healing. This scaffold dynamically regulates immune responses and promotes angiogenesis by reprogramming macrophages from a pro-inflammatory to a pro-healing state via the PI3K/Akt and TNF pathways. In vivo tests on rats showed significant reductions in inflammation, increased angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and hair follicle regeneration, leading to high-quality wound healing. The Col/OG/2%BTN hydrogel demonstrated the most significant improvement, suggesting its potential for non-invasive therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine.