Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Promising Therapeutic Opportunities for Diabetic Wound Healing

The document reviews the potential of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (SC-EVs) as therapeutic agents for diabetic wound healing, with a focus on adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). SC-EVs are noted for delivering bioactive molecules that enhance healing processes like cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. The review highlights the anti-inflammatory properties of ADSC-derived EVs (ADSC-EVs) and their ability to modulate immune responses and promote collagen remodeling. Various non-coding RNAs and proteins within ADSC-EVs are discussed for their roles in wound healing through pathways such as TGF-β/Smad3 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR. The adaptability of SC-EVs makes them promising for targeted therapies in diabetic wound management. Despite their potential, challenges remain in understanding their mechanisms, optimizing production, and ensuring safety for clinical applications. Future research aims to address these challenges and expand the therapeutic use of SC-EVs in regenerative medicine.