Plant Saponin Biosurfactants Used as Soap, Hair Cleanser, and Detergent in India

Plant saponin biosurfactants, derived from various Indian plants, offer numerous benefits over synthetic surfactants, including renewability, biodegradability, and low toxicity. These natural compounds are used in a variety of applications such as soaps, detergents, and hair care products due to their superior stability and biocompatibility. Historical use in pre-Harappan civilization highlights their long-standing role in health and hygiene. Plant saponins are particularly effective in treating skin and hair problems, promoting hair growth, and strengthening hair follicles. Future research is needed to enhance raw material production, saponin isolation, and toxicological evaluation.