Determination of Protonation State in Molecular Salt of Minoxidil and 2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid Through a Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study: Influence of Proton Transfer on Biological Activities

September 2021 in “ Journal of molecular structure ”

Qi Wang, Zhongchang Sun, Danping Li, Kai Yang, Changjian Xie, Shujing Zhang, Liu Jiang, Kang Zheng, Qiuxiang Pang

minoxidil 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid hair growth molecular salt proton transfer monoclinic space group P21/c in vivo assessments mouse hair growth model pharmaceutical salts Rogaine

TLDR The MXD/24HA salt is more effective for hair growth than raw MXD.

In this study, a new molecular salt of minoxidil (MXD) and 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (24HA) was synthesized and characterized, confirming proton transfer and crystallization in the monoclinic space group P21/c. In vivo assessments in a mouse hair growth model showed that the MXD/24HA salt is more effective in promoting hair growth than raw MXD, indicating its potential as a treatment for hair loss. This research offers a novel methodology for understanding structural and property differences in pharmaceutical salts.

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Research cited in this study

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research Review of Oral Minoxidil as Treatment of Hair Disorders: In Search of the Perfect Dose

21 citations , March 2021

Oral minoxidil effectively treats hair loss, with women needing lower doses (0.25 to 2.5 mg daily) and men needing higher doses (1.25 to 5 mg daily).

research Development and Qualification of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model of Finasteride and Minoxidil Following Scalp Application

4 citations , February 2021 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences”

The model can help predict how finasteride and minoxidil work when applied to the scalp.

research Minoxidil And Its Use In Hair Disorders: A Review

117 citations , August 2019 in “Drug Design Development and Therapy”

Minoxidil effectively treats hair loss, but use cautiously and monitor side effects.

research Minoxidil for Patchy Alopecia Areata: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

20 citations , March 2019 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

Minoxidil effectively and safely treats patchy hair loss, but more research needed.

research Off-Label Use of Topical Minoxidil in Alopecia: A Review

32 citations , January 2019 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology”

Minoxidil helps treat eyebrow thinning, monilethrix, early hair loss, and shortens chemo-related hair loss.

research The Medical and Psychosocial Associations of Alopecia: Recognizing Hair Loss as More Than a Cosmetic Concern

36 citations , November 2018 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology”

Alopecia is linked to various health and mental conditions, impacts life quality, and needs medical attention beyond its cosmetic effects.

research Minoxidil in the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia

26 citations , August 2018 in “Dermatologic Therapy”

Minoxidil helps treat pattern hair loss in both men and women.

research Selected Disorders of Skin Appendages: Acne, Alopecia, Hyperhidrosis

51 citations , September 2015 in “Medical Clinics of North America”

The conclusion is that acne, alopecia, and hyperhidrosis are common skin issues with various treatments available, and accurate diagnosis is key for effective management.

research Attempted Construction of Minoxidil: Carboxylic Acid Cocrystals; 7 Salts and 1 Cocrystal Resulted

66 citations , February 2010 in “CrystEngComm”

Made 8 minoxidil samples; 1 cocrystal, 7 salts formed.

research Crystal Structure of Minoxidil

5 citations , January 2004 in “Analytical Sciences X-ray Structure Analysis Online”

Minoxidil's crystal structure shows two different molecule shapes and nitrogen states.

research Mechanism of Action of Minoxidil Sulfate-Induced Vasodilation: A Role for Increased Potassium Permeability

48 citations , June 1988 in “PubMed”

Minoxidil sulfate relaxes muscle by increasing potassium flow, making it a unique muscle relaxer.

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