May 2025 in “Insights-Journal of Health and Rehabilitation” This study found that Aloe vera and Citrus lemon extracts demonstrated notable antibacterial effects against Propionibacterium acnes in both lab and human skin models, with combined use resulting in a 67% reduction in acne, suggesting potential for future therapeutic applications.
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September 2024 in “Jurnal Ilmiah JKA (Jurnal Kesehatan Aeromedika)” This study found that red galangal rhizome simplicia extract demonstrated the strongest antibacterial effect against Propionibacterium acnes among tested extracts, achieving a 31.5 mm inhibitory zone at a 20% concentration.
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November 2020 in “UMM Institutional Repository (University of Maine at Machias)” In this true experimental study, researchers assessed the antibacterial effect of white jasmine leaf extract against Propionibacterium acnes and found varying inhibition zone diameters, with 500 µg/mL achieving up to 10.95 mm, though less effective than clindamycin, which reached 28.55 mm.
January 2013 in “วารสารเภสัชศาสตร์อีสาน (Isan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IJPS)” This study found that ethyl acetate extract from mangosteen pericarp exhibited the strongest antibacterial effect against Propionibacterium acnes compared to other extraction solvents.
April 2026 in “Journal of Microbiology Biotechnology and Food Sciences” This study found that Carthamus caeruleus (L.) leaf extracts possess higher antioxidant and antibacterial activities compared to rhizome extracts, and are rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds, suggesting potential use as a natural therapeutic agent.