Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Diagnosis and Treatment

The 2007 article outlines that Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affects 6%-7% of reproductive-aged women and is the most common endocrine disorder among them. It is characterized by symptoms such as irregular menses, infertility, and male-pattern hair loss, and is associated with serious metabolic complications like type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Diagnosis is based on the presence of two out of three criteria: oligo- or anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. Treatment prioritizes lifestyle changes, particularly for overweight women, and may include pharmacological therapies such as hormonal contraceptives, anti-androgens, and metformin. Metformin is highlighted for its role in improving ovulation and insulin sensitivity, but its long-term outcomes in women with normal glucose levels remain uncertain. Thiazolidinediones have shown potential benefits, but concerns over hepatic toxicity and the need for larger trials are noted. The article stresses the need for personalized treatment and contraception counseling for those not seeking pregnancy.