Programmed Nanozyme Hydrogel Enabling Spatiotemporal Modulation of Wound Healing Achieves Skin Regeneration After Biofilm Infection

The study introduces a novel PBPA nanozyme hydrogel designed to enhance wound healing and skin regeneration after biofilm infection. This hydrogel modulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation, promoting M2 macrophage polarization and reducing fibrosis. In vitro, it shows antibacterial and antioxidant capabilities, while in vivo, it accelerates healing, reduces inflammation, and promotes organized dermal regeneration with increased hair follicle area. The hydrogel's mechanical properties, including plasticity and self-healing, support its application in wound treatment. The PBPA2 variant, enhanced with PDA and AgNPs, demonstrates significant antibacterial activity and nearly 100% bacterial inhibition, making it a promising tool for advanced wound care. The treatment promotes a peripheral-to-central healing pattern, reduces scarring, and enhances skin regeneration, with improved collagen orientation and reduced inflammation. The study highlights the hydrogel's potential for precise, phase-specific wound healing control, though it notes limitations in scalability and clinical translation.