Regulation of Pathophysiological and Tissue Regenerative Functions of MSCs Mediated via the WNT Signaling Pathway: Review

This review discussed the role of the WNT signaling pathway in regulating the activity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) under both physiological and pathological conditions. While MSCs have promising regenerative capabilities due to their self-renewal, pluripotency, and immunomodulatory properties, challenges such as low survival rates and inefficiency in unbalanced environments hinder their therapeutic application. The review highlighted how the anatomical niche and crosstalk between signals, including WNT, are crucial for maintaining MSC homeostasis. It also addressed how infections can negatively impact MSC function and tissue engineering success, despite MSCs' immunomodulatory abilities. The review aimed to enhance the clinical translation of MSC-based therapies by exploring the interactions between inflammatory factors and the WNT signaling pathway.