Mechanism of Action of Minoxidil in the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia Is Likely Mediated by Mitochondrial Adenosine Triphosphate Synthase-Induced Stem Cell Differentiation

December 2017 in “ PubMed ”

Amir Goren, T Naccarato, Mirna Šitum, Milos Kovacevic, Torello Lotti, J. Philip McCoy

minoxidil androgenetic alopecia mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate synthase ATP synthase stem cell differentiation intracellular Ca2+ levels anagen phase hair growth Rogaine ATP calcium influx

TLDR Minoxidil helps hair growth by promoting stem cell differentiation through increased ATP synthase activity.

The study proposed that the mechanism by which minoxidil treats androgenetic alopecia is likely mediated by mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase-induced stem cell differentiation. Minoxidil was shown to increase intracellular Ca2+ levels, which up-regulates ATP synthase. This enzyme, beyond its role in ATP synthesis, promotes stem cell differentiation. This differentiation is crucial for re-entering the anagen phase of hair growth, which is shortened in androgenetic alopecia. The findings suggested that minoxidil-induced Ca2+ influx could be a key factor in promoting hair growth, providing a basis for developing new treatments for androgenetic alopecia.

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