Facial Feminization: Systematic Review of the Literature

Facial feminization surgery (FFS) encompassed a range of procedures aimed at transforming masculine facial features into feminine ones, primarily for male-to-female transsexuals. A systematic review of 15 articles, involving 1121 patients, indicated that FFS was generally safe with only seven reported complications, though many studies did not explicitly mention complications. Patient satisfaction was high, but most studies lacked validated or quantified measures of satisfaction. The review concluded that FFS was effective and beneficial, but emphasized the need for further prospective studies and patient-reported outcomes to better compare techniques and establish best practices.