CXXC5: A Novel Regulator and Coordinator of TGF-β, BMP, and Wnt Signaling

The document titled "CXXC5: A novel regulator and coordinator of TGF-β, BMP and Wnt signaling" from November 26, 2018, reviewed the role of the protein CXXC5 in regulating and coordinating various signaling pathways, including TGF-β, BMP, and Wnt. These pathways are crucial for cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. CXXC5 was found to inhibit β‐catenin signaling in the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, impacting processes like bone formation and wound healing. It was also found to interact with the p53 tumour suppressor and ATM protein kinase, playing a role in DNA damage response. Aberrant expression or altered activity of CXXC5 was linked to several human diseases, including cancer and alopecia. In relation to hair loss, a study showed that CXXC5 expression was upregulated and inversely correlated with β-catenin in both haired and bald individuals. In mice, disrupting the CXXC5-Dvl interaction restored Wnt signaling and accelerated hair regrowth. The document suggested that further understanding of CXXC5 could lead to new therapeutic strategies for these conditions.