Critical Factors in Sample Collection and Preparation for Clinical Metabolomics of Underexplored Biological Specimens

The review article emphasizes the importance of meticulous pre-collection, collection, and extraction conditions in clinical metabolomics studies, particularly for underexplored biological specimens such as hair, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, and others. It highlights the need for standardized protocols to ensure accurate and reproducible results, considering factors like diet, medication, and hygiene. The review discusses various collection methods, storage conditions, and extraction procedures, underscoring the potential of these specimens in biomarker discovery and disease diagnosis, including conditions like androgenetic alopecia, oral cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease.