Bacteroides Fragilis and Microbacterium as Microbial Signatures in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis

The study examined the gut microbiome's role in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and alopecia areata (AA) among 51 participants, revealing that Bacteroides fragilis is enriched in HT, potentially influencing immune modulation, while Microbacterium sp. T32 is elevated in both HT and AA, indicating it as a possible shared autoimmune marker. Distinct metabolic signatures were identified, with AA showing increased fermentation and amino acid biosynthesis, and HT exhibiting reduced metabolic activity with elevated carbohydrate biosynthesis. These findings suggest specific microbial and metabolic patterns associated with HT and AA, offering insights into their pathogenesis and potential microbiome-based interventions.