Acne

The document from January 25, 2019, provides a detailed overview of acne, an inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous unit with a global prevalence of 9.4%. It discusses the clinical features, classification, and multifactorial etiopathogenesis of acne, including the role of hormones, stress, diet, lifestyle, environmental factors, and genetics. The document emphasizes the importance of an integrative approach to treatment, considering psychosocial and environmental factors, especially in adolescents. It also explores the impact of diet, with Western diets high in dairy and glycemic load being implicated in acne development, while omega-3 fatty acids and gamma-linolenic acid showed improvement in lesions. Vitamin D deficiency was noted to be more prevalent in acne patients. Psychological comorbidities like depression and anxiety are common, affecting quality of life. The document recommends a comprehensive assessment for patients, including psychological evaluation, and outlines conventional treatments such as benzoyl peroxide, retinoids, antibiotics, hormonal agents, and isotretinoin, as well as second-line treatments and physical modalities. It also suggests that lifestyle changes, such as a low glycemic diet and increased consumption of fish, fruits, and vegetables, may be beneficial, and highlights the need for further research on complementary treatments and the psychological impact of acne.