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In this case report, a 62-year-old woman's persistent frontal fibrosing alopecia while on the psoriasis medication ustekinumab suggests that IL-12 and IL-23 inhibition may not be effective in treating this scarring alopecia, challenging the role of Th1 and Th17 pathways in its pathogenesis.

This study found that patients with alopecia areata and their healthy family members had elevated levels of Th1- and Th17-related cytokines, suggesting a genetic link in cytokine dysregulation.

This study observed significant differences in immune cell infiltration and gene expression across different skin sites, with the back displaying higher tolerance-promoting immune mechanisms, which may enhance epicutaneous immunotherapy outcomes.

This review highlights that T cells are crucial in regulating hair follicle regeneration and their disruption can lead to alopecia, providing insights into hair disorders related to T cell immune balance and hair follicle regeneration.

This study summarizes how the IL-23/IL-17 axis contributes to inflammatory skin diseases like psoriasis and highlights that biologics targeting this pathway, including monoclonal antibodies against IL-23 and IL-17, have shown efficacy in clinical trials for these conditions.