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specialized proteins on cell membranes that receive external signals

Cell Surface Receptors, also known as Cell Membrane Receptors or Plasma Membrane Receptors, are specialized proteins located on the surface of cells. They act like antennae, receiving signals from outside the cell—such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or growth factors—and transmitting these signals into the cell to trigger a specific response. This process is crucial for various cellular functions, including growth, immune responses, and communication between cells.

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