October 2024 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” The study found that patients with androgenetic alopecia had higher serum GPER-1 levels, which were associated with disease severity and duration, indicating a potential estrogen-independent role of GPER-1 in the condition's pathogenesis.
July 2025 in “The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine” This study found that serum GPER-1 levels may serve as a biomarker for differentiating androgenetic alopecia from telogen effluvium and healthy controls, although its ability to distinguish between AGA and TE is limited.
July 2021 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” This study found that serum GPER-1 levels were significantly higher in patients with androgenetic alopecia compared to healthy controls, suggesting a potential role in the condition's pathogenesis, independent of gender.
93 citations
,
June 2001 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” This study found that serum androgen levels in premenopausal women may be influenced by genetic variants of the androgen receptor and estrogen receptor β genes.
5 citations
,
August 2018 in “Sexual Medicine Reviews” In this review and meta-analysis, the authors concluded that 5α-reductase inhibitor therapy is not consistently associated with significant increases in serum testosterone levels in men.