24 citations
,
March 2018 in “Pediatric Dermatology” This article addresses the complexity of treating acne in female-to-male transgender adolescents undergoing testosterone therapy, highlighting concerns about co-administered treatments and their potential risks.
8 citations
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January 2025 in “Journal of Adolescent Health” In this retrospective cohort study, researchers found that persistent discontinuation of gender-affirming hormones among transgender adolescents was rare, mainly due to achieving gender expression goals or access issues, with very few reidentifying with their birth-assigned sex.
1 citations
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October 2022 in “Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics” This article discusses the dermatologic impacts of gender-affirming medical care in transgender adolescents and emphasizes the importance of patient-centered care to improve dermatologic and overall outcomes; it reports no new clinical results.
April 2025 in “Current Pediatrics Reports” Transgender and gender-diverse teens need specialized skin and mental health care.
September 2018 in “Boletín médico del Hospital Infantil de México” This article examines the care and health challenges faced by transgender or gender incongruence individuals, reporting no new clinical results; it highlights the importance of an individualized approach for optimizing well-being.
36 citations
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May 2017 in “The journal of sexual medicine” In this retrospective study, cyproterone acetate treatment in late-pubertal trans-girls was found to be generally safe and led to mild feminizing effects, with more rapid feminization occurring when combined with estrogens.
4 citations
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February 2025 in “Endokrynologia Polska” This article presents guidelines developed by a multidisciplinary expert panel for the care of adolescent transgender and non-binary individuals with gender dysphoria, emphasizing individualized, affirmative care to enhance well-being and quality of life.
1 citations
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September 2021 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” This case report describes the use of topical minoxidil to successfully promote facial hair growth in a 17-year-old trans male unable to start testosterone therapy, with skin dryness as the only reported side effect.
October 2023 in “Paediatrics & child health” This document serves as a resource for pediatricians and primary care providers to guide gender-affirming health care for transgender and gender-diverse youth, including potential medical transition options.
71 citations
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August 2019 in “The journal of sexual medicine” In this study, transgender adolescents treated with testosterone for a median of 12 months experienced effective virilization, including voice deepening and increased hair growth, but also showed decreased HDL cholesterol and BMD z-scores, and increased hematocrit, with no short-term safety issues reported.
54 citations
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June 2018 in “Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry” This narrative review presents composite cases of individuals undergoing gender-affirming care, illustrating varied outcomes without reporting new clinical results or systematic findings.
June 2025 in “Pediatric Annals” Adolescents face skin and hair issues due to hormonal changes, needing informed care beyond social media advice.
166 citations
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October 2018 in “Endocrine Reviews” This review discusses the effects of hormonal treatments on the physical and mental health of transgender individuals, reporting significant reductions in mental health issues following treatment, but calls for more research on long-term and nonbinary outcomes.
66 citations
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October 2013 in “Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity” This review offers transgender hormone treatment guidelines to assist healthcare providers in improving transgender patients' access to and outcomes of medical care, but it reports no new clinical results.
146 citations
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December 2016 in “Translational Andrology and Urology” This review discusses the creation of transgender-specific guidelines by WPATH and the Endocrine Society, based mostly on clinical experience, and reports no new results.
September 2024 in “Pediatrics in Review” In this case review, researchers describe a 17-year-old transgender male experiencing clitoromegaly, hirsutism, and oligomenorrhea, investigating conditions like PCOS and non-prescription testosterone use for gender affirmation, and highlighting the importance of gender-affirming care to improve mental health outcomes.
July 2008 in “International journal of psychophysiology” This retrospective study found that cyproterone acetate, both alone and with estrogens, was safe, well tolerated, and induced modest feminizing effects in late-pubertal transgender female adolescents.
October 2025 in “Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)” This study details that worldwide about 2% of the population identified as transgender in 2024 and highlights significant mental health improvements with gender-affirming medical interventions, such as decreased depression and gender dysphoria, and enhanced quality of life.
5 citations
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September 2021 in “Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine” The guideline provides healthcare professionals in South Africa with instructions for comprehensive, multidisciplinary gender-affirming care, including HIV prevention and treatment for transgender and gender diverse individuals.
November 2007 in “Neuro-chirurgie/Neurochirurgie” This study reported that treatment with cyproterone acetate alone and then with incremental estrogen doses induced mild feminizing effects in late-pubertal trans-girls, with further feminization observed after adding estrogen.
1 citations
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November 2007 in “Neuro-chirurgie/Neurochirurgie” This study found that cyproterone acetate treatment in late-pubertal trans-girls was safe, well-tolerated, and induced mild feminizing changes, with more pronounced effects when combined with estrogens.
17 citations
,
February 2020 in “Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology” This review discusses medical interventions that reproductive health experts can provide to transgender and gender diverse youth and reports no new clinical results.
16 citations
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January 2019 in “Kansas journal of medicine” This source outlines what it takes to be a competent provider for transgender individuals, focusing on their health needs, disparities, and coverage, and examines medical biases and hormone treatment guidelines, alongside treatment options for different age groups, concluding with evolving trends in medical education.
7 citations
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January 2019 in “Headache” This source suggests that migraine prevalence increases in transgender women using oestrogen and decreases in transgender men using testosterone, with high oral oestrogen doses in transgender women potentially linked to aura risk.
162 citations
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April 2016 in “The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology” This review discusses the effects of testosterone therapy for transgender men, noting desired outcomes and potential risks, but reports no new research findings; the authors highlight a lack of high-quality data due to various study limitations.
68 citations
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February 2019 in “Urology” Hormonal treatment in transgender women reduces semen quality, but stopping treatment may improve it.
21 citations
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March 2019 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This review discusses the dermatologic care of transgender individuals and highlights the need for more quantitative research to improve clinical understanding and support future studies.
1 citations
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April 2024 in “Archives of disease in childhood” This systematic review found that among children and adolescents referred to specialist gender services, 36% received puberty suppression and 51% received masculinising or feminising hormones, but comprehensive data on psychological care and treatment pathways were lacking.
July 2024 in “Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal” This review reports that transgender individuals undergoing hormonal therapy for gender transition face increased risks of cardiovascular disorders, brain tumors, changes in bone density, metabolic disorders, and other health issues, while highlighting the necessity of this therapy for gender transformation.
September 2023 in “Fides et Ratio” This paper reviews the current lack of evidence on the safety and effectiveness of gender-affirming therapies in minors with gender dysphoria, highlighting ethical and legal concerns, including possible long-term consequences such as infertility.