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Glossary Testosterone Metabolism

process of breaking down and converting testosterone in the body

Testosterone metabolism refers to the process by which the body breaks down and converts testosterone, a key male sex hormone, into other substances. This involves enzymes that transform testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol, which play crucial roles in various bodily functions, including hair growth and sexual development. Understanding this process is important for addressing conditions like alopecia, where DHT can contribute to hair loss.

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research Testosterone metabolites differentially maintain adult morphology in a sexually dimorphic neuromuscular system

25 citations , December 2009 in “Developmental Neurobiology”

In this study, the authors concluded that androgens, but not estrogens, strictly mediate the maintenance of neuromuscular morphology in the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus in adult rats.

Physiopathological Role of the Enzymatic Complex 5α-Reductase and 3α/β-Hydroxysteroid Oxidoreductase in the Generation of Progesterone and Testosterone Neuroactive Metabolites

research Physiopathological role of the enzymatic complex 5α-reductase and 3α/β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase in the generation of progesterone and testosterone neuroactive metabolites

18 citations , March 2020 in “Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology”

This study suggests that synthetic steroid analogues or 5α-reductase modulation could be potential therapeutic strategies for nervous system disorders, but further research on their effects is necessary.

research Direct quantitative digital autoradiography of testosterone metabolites in the pilosebaceous unit: an environmentally advantageous trace radioactive technology

4 citations , September 1993 in “Steroids”

This paper details a method for measuring testosterone metabolism into seven androgens using digital autoradiography, which offers high sensitivity and reduces the need for radioactive materials.

research Testosterone metabolite nonessential for androgen effects

2 citations , March 2012 in “Nature Reviews Endocrinology”

The body's change of testosterone into DHT is not necessary for testosterone's muscle and sexual effects.

research DIABETE E DOLORE: EFFETTO TERAPEUTICO DEI METABOLITI DEL TESTOSTERONE

February 2014 in “Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano)”

In this rat model of diabetic neuropathic pain, the study found that testosterone metabolites dihydrotestosterone and 3α-diol may have analgesic effects through different mechanisms.

research Anabolic and Metabolic Effects of Testosterone and Other Androgens: Direct Effects and Role of Testosterone Metabolic Products

2 citations , January 2017 in “Endocrinology”

This chapter reviews the clinical effects of androgens like testosterone and its metabolites on various body systems and life stages, but reports no new results.

research Negative Impact of Testosterone Deficiency and 5α-Reductase Inhibitors Therapy on Metabolic and Sexual Function in Men

31 citations , January 2017 in “Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology”

This review discusses the negative health impacts of testosterone deficiency and the potential adverse effects of 5α-reductase inhibitors, emphasizing the need for patient-physician discussions regarding these treatments.

research Metabolic Syndrome, Hepatic Steatosis and Testosterone: A Matter of Sex

7 citations , October 2024 in “Livers”

This review highlights the connection between sex hormones and metabolic dysfunction, emphasizing how conditions like male hypogonadism and female hyperandrogenism can increase the risk and severity of hepatic steatosis, which often progresses alongside metabolic syndrome and elevates mortality risks.

research Modification of testosterone levels with Piptadeniastrum africanum and Cordia plathytyrsa may influence metabolic parameters in Wistar rats

July 2022 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)”

In this animal study, methanolic extract of *Cordia plathytyrsa* increased testosterone synthesis in male rats but had limited effects on metabolic parameters, while *Piptadeniastrum africanum* raised triglycerides and both extracts did not cause oxidative stress.

research Clinical and metabolic implications of obesity in prostate cancer: is testosterone a missing link?

12 citations , October 2018 in “Aging male/The aging male”

This study found that prostate cancer aggressiveness in men with obesity is associated with changes in age, BMI, testosterone, and estradiol levels, and that adipocyte-secreted molecules increase cancer cell aggressiveness in vitro.

research Persistent Poor Metabolic Profile in Postmenopausal Women With Ovarian Hyperandrogenism After Testosterone Level Normalization

8 citations , April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society”

In this study, long-term normalization of testosterone levels in postmenopausal women with hyperandrogenism did not improve body mass index, glucose, or lipid metabolism.

research Preparation of3H-labelled testosterone metabolites

2 citations , April 2007 in “Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals”

This article discusses the preparation of tritium-labeled testosterone metabolites and reports no new experimental findings.

research Synthesis and Actions of 5α-Reduced Metabolites of Testosterone in the Nervous System

1 citations , December 2021 in “Androgens”

This review discusses the effects of neuroactive testosterone metabolites on CNS functions and suggests their potential as therapeutic options for neurological disorders, but reports no new clinical results.

Androgenic Effect of Testosterone and Its Metabolites in Relation to Their Biotransformation in the Skin

research Androgenic effect of testosterone and some of its metabolites in relation to their biotransformation in the skin.

11 citations , November 1982 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

In this study, testosterone and certain metabolites were highly effective in promoting sebaceous structure growth in the female hamster flank organ, while others had limited or no effect.

research Testosterone protects female embryonic heart H9c2 cells against severe metabolic stress by activating estrogen receptors and up-regulating IES SUR2B

24 citations , October 2012 in “The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology”

In this study, testosterone protected female embryonic heart cells from metabolic stress by being converted into metabolites that activate estrogen receptors and up-regulate certain mitochondrial channel proteins.

research The Role of Non-Aromatizable Testosterone Metabolite in Metabolic Pathways

21 citations , April 2011 in “Physiological Research”

In this review, the role of DHT in male-type obesity and metabolic diseases is discussed, with increased levels potentially exacerbating cardiovascular disease risk; the paper reports no new results.

research Circulating testosterone and feather-gene expression of receptors and metabolic enzymes in relation to melanin-based colouration in the barn owl

14 citations , September 2017 in “General and comparative endocrinology”

In this study, researchers observed that in barn owls, the relationship between black feather spot size and testosterone levels varied by age and sex, suggesting involvement of genes regulating both traits rather than direct influence of testosterone on feather coloration.

Modification of Testosterone Levels With Piptadeniastrum Africanum and Cordia Plathytyrsa May Influence Metabolic Parameters in Wistar Rats

research Modification of testosterone levels with Piptadeniastrum africanum and Cordia plathytyrsa may influence metabolic parameters in Wistar rats

July 2022 in “World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews”

This study found that methanolic extract of Cordia plathytyrsa increased testosterone levels in male rats but did not affect other evaluated metabolic parameters.

research Evaluation of dihydrotestosterone levels and total testosterone to dihydrotestosterone ratio with clinical symptoms and metabolic parameters in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

November 2025 in “BMC Endocrine Disorders”

This study found that in PCOS patients, a lower TT/DHT ratio is associated with regular menstruation, while higher ratios are linked to insulin resistance, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for metabolic severity in these patients.

Behavior of the Two Circulating Androgens Testosterone and DHEA and Their Main Intracellular Metabolites in an Androgen-Sensitive Sebocyte Cell Line

research 892 Behavior of the two circulating androgens testosterone and DHEA and their main intracellular metabolites in an androgen-sensitive sebocyte cell line

April 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

In this study, engineered mice with a mutation similar to that in Olmsted syndrome showed progressive hair loss due to impaired inner root sheath keratinocyte differentiation and stem cell exhaustion.

research Testosterone replacement in 49,XXXXY syndrome: andrological, metabolic and neurological aspects

12 citations , January 2016 in “Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports”

This report describes a 19-year-old male with 49,XXXXY syndrome receiving testosterone replacement therapy, which led to improvements in reproductive development, metabolism, and social interaction after a year of treatment.

research Total testosterone to dihydrotestosterone ratio assessed by LC-MS/MS predicts a worse metabolic profile not only in PCOS patients

9 citations , January 2017 in “Ginekologia Polska”

This study found that the total testosterone/dihydrotestosterone ratio correlates with a negative metabolic profile in both women with PCOS and healthy women.

research A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Pilot Trial on the Effects of Testosterone Undecanoate Plus Dutasteride or Placebo on Muscle Strength, Body Composition, and Metabolic Profile in Transmen

7 citations , January 2021 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine”

This study demonstrated that testosterone treatment increases muscle strength and alters body composition in transmen, and the addition of dutasteride does not impair these anabolic effects.

research Verstärkter Haarwuchs unter Langzeittokolyse mit Fenoterol unter Berücksichtigung von Testosteron**, Androstandiol, Cortisol und ACTH*

9 citations , November 1980 in “Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde”

In this study, prolonged intravenous Fenoterol infusion was associated with intensive hair growth in most patients, although hormonal changes typically linked to such effects were not observed.

research Impaired metabolic effects of metformin in men with early-onset androgenic alopecia

4 citations , December 2021 in “Pharmacological Reports”

This study found that metformin's metabolic benefits, such as reducing fat content and improving insulin sensitivity, were less pronounced in men with early-onset androgenic alopecia compared to those with normal hair growth, possibly due to differences in systemic inflammation and vitamin D status.

No Metabolic Impact of Surgical Normalization of Hyperandrogenism in Postmenopausal Women with Ovarian Androgen-Secreting Tumors

research No metabolic impact of surgical normalization of hyperandrogenism in postmenopausal women with ovarian androgen-secreting tumours

17 citations , May 2012 in “Clinical Endocrinology”

This study found that surgical normalization of testosterone in hyperandrogenic women with ovarian androgen-secreting tumors did not significantly change body weight or insulin sensitivity after 12 months.

The Differences Between Aromatizable And Non-Aromatizable Androgens In Relation To Body Composition And Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors In Men

research The differences between aromatizable and non-aromatizable androgens in relation to body composition and metabolic syndrome risk factors in men

8 citations , March 2012 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology”

In this study of healthy men, low levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were associated with higher body mass index, fat content, and insulin resistance, but their effects on lipid and glucose metabolism were similar in quality.

research Steroidomics for highlighting novel serum biomarkers of testosterone doping

23 citations , June 2019 in “Bioanalysis”

This study found that monitoring endogenous steroid metabolites in serum may improve the detection of testosterone doping by highlighting promising biomarkers.

research Testosterone Metabolism in Human Skin Cells in vitro and Its Interaction with Estradiol and Dutasteride

21 citations , January 2003 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology”

This study found that dutasteride completely suppressed the formation of 5alpha-dihydro metabolites in cultured human skin cells, suggesting its potential use in acne and androgenetic alopecia.

research Metabolic study of androsta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione in horses using liquid chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry

17 citations , August 2015 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology”

This study concluded that the best approach for detecting Androsta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione administration in horses is monitoring the metabolites M1b or M4 in urine, detectable up to 77 hours post-administration.