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Testosterone therapy in transgender men has both desired effects like increased muscle mass and potential health risks such as higher cardiovascular risk.

Antiandrogens, particularly flutamide and CPA, are most effective for treating hirsutism, with long-term use needed for best results.

SHBG binding properties are unchanged in male liver cirrhosis patients.

Finasteride effectively treats BPH, but needs more trials to understand potential.

Different types of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have varying severity, with Type I being the most severe and common.

Pregnancy can cause skin pigmentation, stretch marks, and changes in hair, nails, and sweat glands, with most resolving after birth.

The document explains how the male reproductive system works, its role in making testosterone, and how conditions like obesity can disrupt it, leading to low testosterone and fertility issues.

The study found that certain microRNAs are higher in the cells and lower in the fluid of women with a specific type of polycystic ovary syndrome, and one microRNA could potentially help diagnose the condition.

Spironolactone plus finasteride reduces hirsutism more effectively.

Insulin-sensitizing drugs like metformin can help with ovulation, weight loss, and lower testosterone in some women with PCOS.

The document concludes that careful evaluation is needed to diagnose PCOS correctly due to similar symptoms in other conditions, and accurate testosterone level measurement is crucial.

High fasting insulin levels in women with PCOS are linked to a higher risk of heart and metabolic problems.

Birth control pills can help reduce mild to moderate acne in women.

Oral contraceptives may cause hair loss in women.

The document concludes that various cosmetic and drug treatments are available for hirsutism, and some new drugs show promise.

Testosterone therapy can modestly improve sexual function in menopausal women but should be used cautiously and is not recommended for routine measurement in sexual dysfunction or hirsutism.

Women with moderate body hair have higher levels of certain hormones and may benefit from treatment that increases sex hormone-binding protein.

The conclusion is that lifestyle changes and weight loss are first-line treatments for infertility due to anovulation, with various medications and assisted reproductive technologies as additional options.

A 7-year-old boy with a brain tumor developed early puberty, which was successfully treated with medication.

PCOS is a complex condition that affects women's hormonal balance and metabolism, requiring lifestyle changes and medical management.

Immunotherapy for cancer caused a patient to develop a condition affecting hormone production, requiring ongoing hormone replacement therapy.

A 13-year-old with 46 XY DSD had ambiguous genitalia due to incomplete masculinization.

A woman with PCOS successfully overcame secondary infertility and became pregnant with triplets after treatment.

Chromium picolinate was better tolerated than metformin for PCOS with fewer side effects.

Different drugs are used to manage breeding, prevent or end pregnancy, and treat reproductive issues in dogs and cats.

The conclusion is that a more comprehensive and precise approach is needed for diagnosing PCOS to address its broader health risks.

The document concludes that managing PCOS involves lifestyle changes, medication, and monitoring for associated health risks.

The 2003 consensus updated PCOS diagnosis criteria and highlighted increased risks of diabetes and heart disease for those affected.

The bulletin provides guidelines for diagnosing and managing PCOS, suggesting weight loss, hormonal contraceptives, and diabetes screening, with clomiphene for infertility and various treatments for excess hair.

Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.