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Glossary RNA sequencing

technology to analyze gene expression by examining RNA transcripts

RNA sequencing, often abbreviated as RNA-seq, is a technology that allows scientists to study the complete set of RNA transcripts produced by the genome under specific circumstances or in a specific cell. This method provides insights into gene expression patterns, helping researchers understand how genes are turned on or off in different conditions, which is crucial for studying diseases like alopecia and other biological processes.

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research Comprehensive analysis of circRNAs from cashmere goat skin by next generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq)

39 citations , January 2020 in “Scientific Reports”

This study identified four circRNAs with significantly different expression levels in Liaoning cashmere goats, suggesting a potential role in regulating cashmere fineness.

research Comprehensive RNA sequencing in primary murine keratinocytes and fibroblasts identifies novel biomarkers and provides potential therapeutic targets for skin-related diseases

17 citations , October 2021 in “Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters”

This study identified novel biomarkers through gene expression differences between keratinocytes and fibroblasts in newborn mice, which may aid in developing therapies for skin conditions.

research RNA sequencing reveals lncRNA-mediated non-mendelian inheritance of feather growth change in chickens

17 citations , September 2022 in “Genes & Genomics”

In this study, researchers identified specific long non-coding RNAs involved in feather development that do not follow traditional genetic inheritance patterns in chickens.

research Analysis of histology and long noncoding RNAs involved in the rabbit hair follicle density using RNA sequencing

16 citations , January 2021 in “BMC Genomics”

This study found that high wool-producing Wan Strain Angora rabbits had higher hair follicle density and identified potential regulatory long noncoding RNAs that may influence this trait.

research Screening the key genes of hair follicle growth cycle in Inner Mongolian Cashmere goat based on RNA sequencing

14 citations , May 2020 in “Archiv für Tierzucht”

This study found that genes such as FGF5, FGFR1, and RRAS may impact the growth cycle of secondary hair follicles in Inner Mongolian Cashmere goats.

Hair Growth Promoting Effects of 650 nm Red Light Stimulation on Human Hair Follicles and Study of Its Mechanisms via RNA Sequencing Transcriptome Analysis

research Hair Growth Promoting Effects of 650 nm Red Light Stimulation on Human Hair Follicles and Study of Its Mechanisms via RNA Sequencing Transcriptome Analysis

6 citations , January 2021 in “Annals of Dermatology”

This study found that 650-nm red light treatment promoted hair follicle proliferation and delayed the transition from anagen to catagen in ex vivo hair follicles from androgenetic alopecia patients, with RNA-seq analysis suggesting involvement of biological processes like metabolism and leukocyte migration.

research Regulatory network of ginsenoside biosynthesis under Ro stress in the hairy roots of Panax ginseng revealed by RNA sequencing

5 citations , October 2022 in “Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology”

Ro stress hindered ginseng root growth and ginsenoside production, but increased certain hormones and affected gene regulation related to plant growth and stress responses.

Discovery of Differentially Expressed Genes in Cashmere Goat Hair Follicles by RNA Sequencing

research Discovery of differentially expressed genes in cashmere goat (Capra hircus) hair follicles by RNA sequencing

5 citations , January 2016 in “Genetics and Molecular Research”

This study identified 617 differentially expressed genes in cashmere goat hair follicles, which are involved in key biological processes and provide insights into hair follicle development.

research Genetic variants in androgenetic alopecia: insights from scalp RNA sequencing data

August 2024 in “Archives of Dermatological Research”

Certain genetic variants and pathways are linked to hair loss.

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing and Proteomic Analysis of Dermal Fibroblasts Cultured From Female Scalp Identifies Significant Alterations in Cell Populations With Age

research O21 Single-cell RNA sequencing and proteomic analysis of dermal fibroblasts cultured from female scalp identifies significant alterations in cell populations with age

July 2023 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

This study investigated age-related changes in female scalp dermal fibroblasts, finding alterations in gene and protein expressions associated with fibrosis and senescence, which could potentially affect hair follicle health and contribute to aging-related hair changes.

research 583 RNA sequencing of immortalised balding and non balding DPCs identifies potential balding gene signatures

November 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study found that non-balding dermal papilla cells emphasized extracellular matrix organization and reduced inflammation when cultured in 3D or with adipose-derived stem cells, unlike balding cells which maintained inflammatory pathways.

research Analysis of histology and long noncoding RNAs involved in the rabbit hair follicle density using RNA sequencing

January 2021 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

This study found that Wan strain Angora rabbits with high wool production exhibited higher hair follicle density and identified long noncoding RNAs that may regulate this trait.

research Analysis of histology and long noncoding RNAs involved in the rabbit hair follicle density using RNA sequencing

January 2021 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

This study found that long noncoding RNA profiles in Wan strain Angora rabbits may help understand the molecular mechanisms regulating hair follicle density, potentially influencing wool fiber production.

Analysis of Histology and Long Noncoding RNAs Involved in Rabbit Hair Follicle Density Using RNA Sequencing

research Analysis of Histology and Long Noncoding RNAs Involved in the Rabbit Hair Follicle Density using RNA Sequencing

September 2020 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

This study found that Wan strain Angora rabbits with high wool production had higher hair follicle density and identified five long noncoding RNAs as potential regulators of this trait.

research 057 Single cell RNA and TCR sequencing reveals hyperexpansion of T cell clones and novel regulatory mechanisms of CD8+ T cells in murine alopcecia areata skin and draining lymph nodes

July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study found that in mice with alopecia areata, CD8+ T cells showed clonal expansion and specific regulatory networks, which might help identify new therapeutic targets for patients not responding to JAK inhibitors.

research 1410 Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals POUF51 and HES3 as regulators of the stem cell population in psoriasis

April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This research reexamined transcriptomic data to study stem and progenitor cell proliferation in psoriasis, finding that the number of committed progenitor cells increased eight-fold in psoriatic skin without altering stem cell numbers, potentially identifying new therapeutic targets.

research Functional interrogation of lymphocyte subsets in alopecia areata using single-cell RNA sequencing

23 citations , July 2023 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences”

In this study using a mouse model and human data, researchers found that CD8+ T cells are central to driving alopecia areata, while regulatory T cells offer some protection, highlighting CD8+ T cells as key targets for future therapy development.

research Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Cellular and Transcriptional Changes Associated With M1 Macrophage Polarization in Hidradenitis Suppurativa

22 citations , August 2021 in “Frontiers in medicine”

This study found that monocytes/macrophages with a pro-inflammatory M1-like phenotype may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa, suggesting potential therapeutic targets.

research Construction of transcriptome atlas of white yak hair follicle during anagen and catagen using single-cell RNA sequencing

8 citations , December 2022 in “BMC Genomics”

This study revealed gene expression patterns in yak hair follicles during different growth phases, enhancing the understanding of cell fate specialization and providing insights for yak villus development.

Humanized CXCL12 Antibody Delays Onset and Modulates Immune Response in Alopecia Areata Mice: Insights from Single-Cell RNA Sequencing

research Humanized CXCL12 antibody delays onset and modulates immune response in alopecia areata mice: insights from single-cell RNA sequencing

7 citations , October 2024 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

In this study, researchers prepared a humanized CXCL12 antibody for alopecia areata treatment, finding it significantly delayed disease onset in mice and reduced immune cell activation, suggesting potential as an immune modulatory therapy.

research Single‐cell RNA sequencing highlights the role of proinflammatory fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, and immune cells in the keloid immune microenvironment

6 citations , October 2024 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

In this study, researchers conducted single-cell RNA sequencing to reveal that proinflammatory fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells play significant roles in the immune microenvironment of keloids, suggesting potential targets for new therapeutic approaches.

research Effect of Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 and an Interacting Non-Coding RNA on Secondary Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells in Cashmere Goats’ Follicle Development Assessed by Whole-Transcriptome Sequencing Technology

2 citations , July 2023 in “Animals”

In this study, researchers investigated a regulatory network in cashmere goat embryos and found that fibroblast growth factor 10, alongside non-coding RNAs, significantly influences hair follicle cell proliferation, offering insights into the biology of hair follicles in cashmere goats.

research Long-read RNA sequencing reveals extensive transcript isoform changes in a patient with IFAP syndrome with a recurrent intronic MBTPS2 variant

April 2026 in “Human Genome Variation”

This study identified a specific hemizygous intronic variant in the MBTPS2 gene associated with IFAP syndrome in a patient, revealing exon skipping and reduced normal transcript expression through long-read RNA sequencing.

research Innovations in Skin Regeneration: The Intersection of 3D Bioprinting and Single-Cell RNA Sequencing

January 2026 in “International journal of high school research”

This review discusses how combining single-cell RNA sequencing and 3D bioprinting is advancing skin tissue engineering by enhancing cellular-level precision and addressing challenges like vascularization, ultimately improving regenerative outcomes and therapeutic strategies.

research Efficient integration of human skin single-cell RNA sequencing data

December 2025

This research by Yuan et al. focused on developing a comprehensive human skin cell atlas, analyzing various cell types and diseases, and introduced a deep learning method, scSEA, for unbiased reference mapping, potentially discovering new cell types.

research Efficient integration of human skin single-cell RNA sequencing data

December 2025

The researchers developed a comprehensive human skin cell atlas using data from various studies and established a consensus nomenclature for normal human skin in this project, which also includes a deep learning-based method for more effective reference mapping of new cells.

research Single‐Cell RNA Sequencing Redefines Macrophage Heterogeneity and Function in Wound Healing

November 2025 in “Wound Repair and Regeneration”

This review highlights single-cell sequencing's role in understanding macrophages' diverse functions and subtypes in skin wound healing, emphasizing macrophages' importance in tissue restoration and identifying key genes involved in the process.

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Highlights a Contribution of Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes to Androgenetic Alopecia

research Single‐Cell RNA Sequencing Highlights a Contribution of Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells‐Derived Exosomes to Androgenetic Alopecia

July 2025 in “The FASEB Journal”

This study reported that exosomes derived from human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSC-exo) accelerated hair growth in androgenetic alopecia mice by enhancing signals between hair follicle cells and improving cellular environments, particularly protecting against dihydrotestosterone-induced damage via Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

Single-Nucleus and Bulk RNA Sequencing Reveals the Involvement of Natural Killer and CD8+ T Cells in the Progression of Androgenetic Alopecia

research Single-Nucleus and Bulk RNA Sequencing Reveals the Involvement of Natural Killer and CD8+ T Cells in the Progression of Androgenetic Alopecia

May 2025 in “Journal of Inflammation Research”

This study found that NK and CD8+ T cell infiltration may drive inflammation in androgenetic alopecia, suggesting that targeting IL-15 signaling could offer a new therapeutic approach for hair regeneration.

Whole-Transcriptome RNA Sequencing Reveals Global Expression Dynamics and ceRNA Regulatory Networks Related to Hair Follicle Development and Melanogenesis in Goats

research Whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing reveals global expression dynamics and ceRNA regulatory networks related to hair follicle development and melanogenesis in goats

March 2025 in “Animal Bioscience”

In this study, researchers conducted a whole-transcriptome analysis of Dazu Black Goats and Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goats to explore differences in hair follicle development and melanin production, revealing variations in hair characteristics and 640 differentially expressed RNAs that could inform goat breeding and textile applications.