3 citations
,
May 2009 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This study investigated the effects of different relaxer treatments on African-American hair, finding lab-made relaxer solutions caused less damage to hair topography than commercial systems.
9 citations
,
January 1995 in “Aesthetic Plastic Surgery” This study observed that using a relaxed suture technique on scalp incisions may prevent linear scars by reducing pressure on upper stem cells.
18 citations
,
July 2015 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” This study observed that combining hair dyeing with sodium hydroxide relaxers drastically increased protein loss in Caucasian virgin dark brown hair, while ammonium thioglycolate or guanidine hydroxide relaxers caused less damage.
2 citations
,
January 2011 This study found that the primary mechanism behind hair relaxation in Afro-hair is the alkali-induced denaturation of helical filaments, leading to spontaneous straightening.
January 2017 in “Clinical approaches and procedures in cosmetic dermatology” This chapter reviews hair anatomy, hair shaft structure, and various cosmetic treatments that can alter or damage hair, but it presents no new research findings.
September 2015 in “Research Portal (King's College London)” This study quantified the effects of chemical treatments like oxidative bleaching and hair relaxing on the movement characteristics of hair strands using a novel high-speed recording method.
November 2011 in “Informa Healthcare eBooks” Environmental, chemical, mechanical, and personal health factors can all damage hair and contribute to hair loss or changes in hair quality.
4 citations
,
January 2022 in “Cosmetics” This review discusses hairstyling trends and health risks among Black women, noting that natural styles have the fewest adverse associations, though challenges remain in society's acceptance.
July 2012 in “Hair transplant forum international” This article reviews potential factors contributing to hair loss in androgenetic alopecia beyond genetic predispositions and discusses current knowledge without presenting new clinical results.
29 citations
,
May 2007 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This report describes five patients who experienced hair loss with discomfort and scarring after undergoing salon hair relaxer treatments, regardless of whether 'lye' or 'no lye' products were used.
8 citations
,
January 1986 in “The Journal of Dermatologic Surgery and Oncology” This article discusses surgical treatments for male pattern hair loss in black individuals, emphasizing the need for technique adjustments due to specific characteristics of black skin and hair, but reports no new clinical results.
July 2012 in “Springer eBooks” The document concludes that proper diagnosis and treatment of nonscarring alopecias can improve quality of life and hair regrowth is possible as the hair follicle remains intact.
In this study, the relaxed overhand knot method demonstrated its effectiveness in measuring the self-friction coefficient of single hair fibers, revealing that sodium hydroxide treatment significantly increases friction and could aid microsurgical applications.
May 2025 in “International Journal of Women’s Dermatology” This study found that patients with central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia were less likely to report treatment improvement and more commonly associated with certain hairstyling practices compared to those with other scarring alopecias.
3 citations
,
January 2002 in “Springer eBooks” This study found that using cationic and non-ionic polymers during alkaline hair relaxer treatments may help strengthen hair and control swelling, potentially reducing damage.
November 2022 in “International journal of trichology” This study found that glyoxylic acid caused more protein loss in hair compared to traditional alkaline straighteners, though both types of treatments showed comparable effects on hair tensile strength.
18 citations
,
August 2009 in “Skin Research and Technology” In this study, optical coherence tomography was used to produce 3D images of human hair, revealing that after chemical treatment with ammonium thioglycolate, the main hair structures were not identifiable due to damage.
December 2025 in “Journal of Society of Cosmetic Chemists of Japan” This study found that massaging hair treatments into hair improved the treatment's effectiveness by reducing hair waviness and enhancing shape cohesion.
January 2013 in “프로그램북(구 초록집)” This review discusses the chemical processes involved in hair styling and straightening and reports no new results; the authors highlight pregnancy safety with hair treatments during pregnancy.
January 2026 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” Lye relaxers don't significantly change hair cortisol levels.
December 2025 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This abstract describes SwaLife Hair Bloom Onion Oil as a treatment designed to enhance hair health by nurturing the scalp, strengthening hair, and reducing breakage, using a blend of onion extract and herbs to offer both therapeutic and sensory benefits.
December 2025 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This source describes SwaLife Hair Bloom Onion Oil as a treatment that uses onion extract and herbs to strengthen hair, prevent breakage, and promote growth, while offering a relaxing, traditional head massage experience.
March 2010 in “Cosmetic Dermatology” Hair straightening methods have advanced to improve effectiveness and reduce damage, but still rely on heat and chemicals.
55 citations
,
October 2003 in “Dermatologic Clinics” This article discusses the complexities of treating hair and scalp disorders in African American patients, emphasizing the importance of understanding their specific hair care practices and the unique impact on quality of life, but reports no new empirical findings.
75 citations
,
March 2009 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This review discusses the evolution and ongoing debate about the causes of central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia in African American women, without presenting new clinical findings.
17 citations
,
January 2015 in “Current problems in dermatology” This chapter reviews cultural practices and morphological differences in ethnic hair, relating them to specific disorders seen in these populations, without presenting new clinical results.
8 citations
,
October 2014 in “Journal of analytical toxicology.” This study found that a single application of 'Lye' or 'No-Lye' chemical straighteners significantly reduced drug concentrations in hair samples from both drug-fortified standards and authentic drug users.
3 citations
,
June 2008 in “Springer eBooks” Hair care products clean, protect, style, color, and change hair structure.
September 2023 in “International journal of women’s dermatology” This study found mixed evidence linking traction hairstyles, previous pregnancies, chemical hair relaxers, and several comorbidities to an increased risk of central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia in Black women.
May 2007 in “Dermatologic Therapy” Hair care practices like using relaxers and tight braiding can lead to permanent hair loss in black women.