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The report concludes that PCOS is mainly a condition of excess male hormones and its definition may change as new information is discovered.

Experts agree that PCOS affects women's health in complex ways, but more research is needed to understand and treat it effectively.

Women with PCOS should be screened for heart disease risk and manage their health to prevent it.

The European Society of Endocrinology advises individualized long-term management for PCOS, focusing on lifestyle changes, accurate diagnosis, and treatments for associated health risks and symptoms.

Improving artificial vascular grafts requires better materials and surface designs to reduce blood clotting and support blood vessel cell growth.

The guidelines suggest lifestyle changes, diet adjustments, and personalized medication to manage dyslipidemia and reduce heart disease risk.

The research found that PCOS has common genetic factors regardless of how it is diagnosed and is linked to metabolic and reproductive issues.

The guidelines advise against using testosterone and DHEA in women for most conditions due to safety and effectiveness concerns, but suggest considering testosterone for postmenopausal women with low sexual desire.

Hair loss affects women's mental health more than men's, causing anxiety, low self-esteem, and social insecurity.

Alopecia areata involves immune activation in the scalp, suggesting treatments targeting TH1, TH2, and IL-23 pathways.

Women look young for their age due to larger lips, less sun damage, and genes that prevent gray hair and wrinkles.

Humans lost body hair relatively recently in evolution.

The document concludes that accurate diagnosis of ichthyosis is crucial for treatment and genetic advice, and ongoing research is needed for better therapies.

Male hormones affect COVID-19 severity and certain drugs targeting these hormones could help reduce the risk.

Transplant success has improved with better immunosuppressive drugs and donor matching.

Low doses of some substances can be beneficial, while high doses can be harmful or toxic.

The update highlights that non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is common in women with excess male hormones, requires specific hormone tests for diagnosis, and has various treatment options depending on age and symptoms.

The research identified various cell types in mouse and human teeth, which could help in developing dental regenerative treatments.

Both genes and environmental factors like chemicals may contribute to the increase in hypospadias, but the exact causes are still unclear.

COVID-19 can cause skin issues like rashes and "COVID toes," and people with skin conditions should adjust their treatments if they get the virus.

A certain smell receptor in hair follicles can affect hair growth when activated by a synthetic sandalwood scent.

Female pattern hair loss can be treated with medications, surgery, and cosmetic products, considering its psychological impact.

People with diabetes or obesity should manage their conditions carefully as they have a higher risk of severe COVID-19.

Baricitinib is effective and safe for treating severe alopecia areata.

Certain bacteria and fungi are linked to healthy scalps and dandruff, suggesting that the scalp's microbial balance affects its health.

Mood stabilizers like lithium and anticonvulsants have side effects that can lead to patients stopping their medication, and managing these effects is important for treatment adherence.

Researchers found 71 genetic regions linked to male pattern baldness, which account for 38% of its genetic risk.

The method effectively detects banned substances in urine for sports antidoping.

Shift nurses show altered body temperature and stress hormone levels, suggesting their body clocks adjust to irregular schedules.

The document concludes that future heart disease research should account for sex-specific differences to improve diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.