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GlossaryProtein Subunit Vaccine

uses purified pathogen proteins to stimulate immune response

A Protein Subunit Vaccine is a type of vaccine that includes only the essential parts of the virus or bacteria, specifically the proteins that stimulate the immune system. Unlike traditional vaccines that use whole pathogens, these vaccines use purified pieces of the pathogen, which reduces the risk of side effects while still effectively training the immune system to recognize and combat the actual pathogen if encountered.

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research Immunization by Application of DNA Vaccine onto a Skin Area Wherein the Hair Follicles Have Been Induced into Anagen-onset Stage

20 citations , November 2007 in “Molecular therapy”

Applying a DNA vaccine to skin with active hair growth boosts immune response and protection against anthrax in mice.

research Advances of Non-Ionic Surfactant Vesicles (Niosomes) and Their Application in Drug Delivery

260 citations , January 2019 in “Pharmaceutics”

Niosomes are a promising, stable, and cost-effective drug delivery system with potential for improved targeting and safety.

research The Impact of Immune-Modifying Treatments for Skin Diseases on the Immune Response to COVID-19 Vaccines: a Narrative Review

2 citations , October 2022 in “Current Dermatology Reports”

People on immune-modifying skin disease treatments may have a weaker antibody response to COVID-19 vaccines but often improve after the second dose.

research Improved Humoral Immunity and Protection against Influenza Virus Infection with a 3d Porous Biomaterial Vaccine

3 citations , September 2023 in “Advanced science”

A new vaccine using a porous scaffold boosts immunity and protects against the flu better than traditional methods.

research Microneedle Arrays Combined with Nanomedicine Approaches for Transdermal Delivery of Therapeutics

42 citations , January 2021 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine”

Microneedle arrays with nanotechnology show promise for painless drug delivery through the skin but need more research on safety and effectiveness.

research Microneedles as the technique of drug delivery enhancement in diverse organs and tissues

140 citations , January 2018 in “Journal of Controlled Release”

Microneedles improve drug delivery in various body parts, are safe and painless, and show promise in cosmetology, vaccination, insulin delivery, and other medical applications.

research Inverse micellar sugar glass (IMSG) nanoparticles for transfollicular vaccination

38 citations , May 2015 in “Journal of controlled release”

IMSG nanoparticles improve vaccine delivery and immune response through hair follicles.

Secreted subtilisin Sub3 from <i>Microsporum canis</i> is required for adherence to but not for invasion of the epidermis

research Secreted subtilisin Sub3 from Microsporum canis is required for adherence to but not for invasion of the epidermis

63 citations , November 2009 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

Sub3 is essential for fungus adherence but not for skin invasion.

research Discovering the potential of natural remedies in the post COVID-19 complications based on in silico techniques

June 2022 in “Organic communications”

Natural compounds, especially Withaferin-A, may help treat post-COVID-19 complications, but some may have side effects.

research Lymphatic vessel: origin, heterogeneity, biological functions, and therapeutic targets

3 citations , January 2024 in “Signal transduction and targeted therapy”

Lymphatic vessels are essential for health and can be targeted to treat various diseases.

research Syphilis: today

2 citations , October 2010 in “Reviews in Medical Microbiology”

Syphilis is becoming more common and remains a major health problem due to challenges in prevention and treatment.

research New intranasal and injectable gene therapy for healthy life extension

May 2024 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

Gene therapy in mice increased lifespan and improved health without causing cancer.

research Long-acting microneedle formulations

1 citations , October 2023 in “Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews”

Microneedles are promising for long-acting drug delivery and can improve patient compliance, but more data is needed to confirm their effectiveness.

Microneedle Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems for Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy, Skin Disease Treatment, and Vaccine Development

research Microneedle Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems for Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy, Skin Disease Treatment, and Vaccine Development

4 citations , January 2022 in “Yonsei Medical Journal”

Microneedles are a promising method for drug delivery, offering efficient and convenient alternatives with fewer side effects.

research Mange in Rabbits: An Ectoparasitic Disease with a Zoonotic Potential

4 citations , July 2022 in “Veterinary medicine international”

Mange in rabbits is a serious disease that can spread to humans and is treated with medications and supportive care.

research Characterization of novel TMEM173 mutation with additive IFIH1 risk allele

1 citations , August 2018 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

A new mutation in the TMEM173 gene and a risk allele in IFIH1 cause a unique set of immune-related symptoms.

research A randomized evaluator blinded study of effect of microneedling in androgenetic alopecia: A pilot study

136 citations , January 2013 in “International Journal of Trichology”

research Antigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells and Low Dose of IL-2 in Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

23 citations , January 2016 in “Frontiers in immunology”

Using low-dose IL-2 to increase regulatory T cells might be a safe way to treat type 1 diabetes without severe side effects.

research Molecular mechanisms of viral oncogenesis in humans

141 citations , August 2018 in “Nature Reviews Microbiology”

Some viruses can cause cancer by changing cell processes and avoiding the immune system; vaccines and targeted treatments help reduce these cancers.

<scp><i>R</i></scp><i>hodococcus equi</i>: Clinical Manifestations, Virulence, and Immunity

research Rhodococcus equi: Clinical Manifestations, Virulence, and Immunity

119 citations , October 2011 in “Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine”

Rhodococcus equi causes severe pneumonia in young foals, and effective vaccines are needed due to foals' weak immune responses.

research Safety of Whole-Body Abrogation of the TRF1 Shelterin Protein in Wild-Type and Cancer-Prone Mouse Models

5 citations , September 2019 in “iScience”

Deleting the Trf1 protein in mice is safe and may help prevent cancer without major side effects.

research Patent Reports

July 2009 in “Enzyme and Microbial Technology”

New patents include innovations in skin and hair care, disease treatment, plant stress tolerance, and protein purification.

research Teriflunomide in multiple sclerosis: an update

20 citations , February 2017 in “Neurodegenerative disease management”

Teriflunomide effectively reduces relapses and disability in MS and has a manageable safety profile.

Non-viral delivery of the CRISPR/Cas system: DNA<i>versus</i>RNA<i>versus</i>RNP

research Non-viral delivery of the CRISPR/Cas system: DNAversusRNAversusRNP

21 citations , January 2022 in “Biomaterials Science”

RNA delivery is best for in-body use, while RNP delivery is good for outside-body use. Both methods are expected to greatly impact future treatments.

research Therapeutics for COVID-19 and post COVID-19 complications: An update

52 citations , January 2022 in “Current Research in Pharmacology and Drug Discovery”

New treatments for COVID-19 show promise, but more effective antiviral drugs are needed.

research Insights into the Scenario of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Male Reproductive Toxicity

February 2023 in “Vaccines”

COVID-19 may harm male reproductive health and lower testosterone levels, potentially affecting fertility and causing erectile dysfunction. More research is needed.

research Cepharanthine: a review of the antiviral potential of a Japanese-approved alopecia drug in COVID-19

70 citations , July 2020 in “Pharmacological Reports”

Cepharanthine, a Japanese hair loss drug, shows promise as a COVID-19 treatment but needs more testing.

research Vitamin D and Human Health: Lessons from Vitamin D Receptor Null Mice

1533 citations , October 2008 in “Endocrine reviews”

Mice without the vitamin D receptor have bone issues and other health problems, suggesting vitamin D is important for preventing various diseases in humans.

research The Pharmacology of Regenerative Medicine

47 citations , July 2013 in “Pharmacological Reviews”

Regenerative pharmacology, which combines drugs with regenerative medicine, shows promise for repairing damaged body parts and needs more interdisciplinary research.

research INTERFERONS IN DERMATOLOGY

22 citations , April 1998 in “Dermatologic Clinics”

Interferons are effective for some skin conditions and cancers, but can have side effects and need more research for optimal use.