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Special proteins are important for skin balance, healing, and aging, and affect skin stem cells.

Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes from certain cells, can stimulate hair growth.

TRPV4 helps cells repair tissue and reduce scarring by controlling calcium levels.

MOF controls key genes for skin development by regulating mitochondrial and ciliary functions.

The document concludes that while some organisms can regenerate body parts, mammals generally cannot, and cancer progression is complex, involving mutations rather than a strict stem cell hierarchy.

Hair loss in Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is due to altered cell sensitivity to hormones, not increased hormone levels. Hair growth periods shorten over time, causing hair to become thinner and shorter. This is linked to miscommunication between cell pathways in hair follicles. There's also a change in gene expression related to blood vessels and cell growth in balding hair follicles. The exact molecular causes of AGA are still unclear.

Melanocytes produce melanin; their defects cause vitiligo and hair graying, with treatments available for vitiligo.

Hair ages and thins due to factors like inflammation and stress, and treatments like antioxidants and hormones might improve hair health.

Gene therapy shows promise for treating skin disorders and cancer, but faces technical challenges.

Lymphatic vessels are important for skin repair and could affect skin disease treatments.