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Androgen treatment with dihydrotestosterone may help maintain height in patients with 5-α-reductase type 2 deficiency, especially before puberty.

Androgens increase norepinephrine release, promoting smooth muscle growth in male sex organs, which may contribute to benign prostatic hypertrophy.

A Korean girl developed kinky hair without known cause or effective treatment.

Growth factors and microneedle therapy increase hair density in women with hair loss.

The nafarelin test can reliably distinguish between gonadotropin deficiency and delayed puberty in teenage boys.

Androgens may cause hair loss by increasing TGF-beta1 from scalp cells, which inhibits hair cell growth.

Oestrogens are key for bone growth during puberty in both boys and girls.

TGF-β1 from dermal papilla cells suppresses hair growth, and targeting it may help treat androgenetic alopecia.

Finasteride reduces Hidradenitis Suppurativa flare-ups in children and teens, but long-term safety is unknown.

Minoxidil helps grow longer, thicker hair in bald scalps of stumptailed macaques, and early treatment is more effective.

PCR-ELISA is better for identifying the fungus causing scalp infections in Ugandan children than traditional methods.

Trichoscopy is good for telling apart tinea capitis and alopecia areata in kids.

Estrogens are key for bone growth spurts in both boys and girls and affect growth into adulthood.

The document concludes that the immune-inhibitory environment of the hair follicle may prevent melanoma development.

Hormone therapy may increase migraines in transgender women and decrease them in transgender men; more research is needed on migraine management in transgender individuals.

Dirty dots are a common scalp finding in elderly women and can be washed away with shampoo.

The document concludes that various hair and scalp disorders in children have specific treatments and proper diagnosis is essential.

Finasteride use may be linked to rare testicular tumor, but more research needed.

Normal hair density and diameter ratios were established to help diagnose adult hair loss.

A 7-year-old boy with a brain tumor developed early puberty, which was successfully treated with medication.

Minoxidil helped a boy regrow his hair after intense chemotherapy for leukaemia.

Most rural children with scalp ringworm had a non-inflammatory type and early treatment is important to prevent complications.

A boy with a new NR5A1 gene mutation has a sex development disorder without affecting his adrenal glands.

A 12-year-old boy's hair fully regrew after 8 weeks of treatment for tinea capitis, and dermoscopy was useful for diagnosis and monitoring.

A 90-year-old woman's hand lesion was a rare, aggressive skin cancer treated successfully with surgery.

A 54-year-old man with painful skin blisters and fever was diagnosed with Sweet syndrome and successfully treated with corticosteroids.

A 5-year-old girl with a rare skin disorder was effectively treated with skin creams instead of oral medication.

A 16-year-old girl's skin rash was likely caused by an infection and improved with topical steroids.

Men with urinary symptoms are more likely to have erectile dysfunction, and there's a debate about research methods and authorship ethics.

Male hormones may play a role in the development of heart disease, and more research is needed to understand their effects.