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The document explains how the male reproductive system works, its role in making testosterone, and how conditions like obesity can disrupt it, leading to low testosterone and fertility issues.

New genes and pathways are important for testosterone production and male sexual development.

Blocking a specific enzyme might help treat obesity and diabetes, but more research is needed to ensure it's safe.

Nanocapsules can improve clobetasol delivery to hair follicles, reducing side effects.

Trichoscopy is a quick, noninvasive method to diagnose hair and scalp disorders, often reducing the need for biopsies.

PCOS affects women's health by increasing the risk of diabetes, heart disease, and reproductive issues.

Men with coeliac disease may have hormone imbalances that could affect sexual function, but these can improve with better gut health.

Tiny needles with valproic acid can effectively regrow hair.

The new assay can track and measure melanosome transfer between skin cells, confirming filopodia's role in this process.

Oestrogens help maintain healthy skin, heal wounds, and may protect against skin aging and cancer.

Shrinking skin cancer increases the chance of cancer in nearby lymph nodes.

Hormones and genetics affect hair growth and patterns, with some changes reversible and others not.

Advanced nanocarrier and microneedle drug delivery methods are more effective, safer, and less invasive for treating skin diseases.

Plant cell culture is a promising method for creating sustainable and high-quality cosmetic ingredients.

Red ginseng may improve immunity, fatigue, memory, blood circulation, and menopausal symptoms, and is generally safe to consume.

European guidelines recommend regular eye and ear exams, skin care, vitamin D supplements, and cautious use of medications for managing congenital ichthyoses.

Dermoscopy improves diagnosis and treatment monitoring for children's skin infections, inflammations, and hair disorders.

Certain bacteria and fungi are linked to healthy scalps and dandruff, suggesting that the scalp's microbial balance affects its health.

Alisertib was found to be an effective and tolerable treatment for children with recurrent brain tumors.

Microneedle technology has improved drug delivery and patient comfort but needs more research for broader use.

Some psychiatric medications can cause hair loss, but it usually grows back after adjusting the medication.

Finasteride reduces Hidradenitis Suppurativa flare-ups in children and teens, but long-term safety is unknown.

PRP more effective than minoxidil 5% for treating alopecia areata.

New findings explain how genetic changes, body clocks, and certain molecules affect tissue response to stress hormones.

Low iron and vitamin D levels are linked to hair loss in women.

Certain fungi and bacteria help orchid seeds germinate and plants grow better.

Lymphocytes, especially CD8+ T cells, play a key role in causing alopecia areata, and targeting them may lead to new treatments.

A position effect on the TRPS1 gene causes excessive hair growth in humans and mice.

There are still challenges in diagnosing and treating chronic skin diseases, but there is hope for future improvements.

The conclusion is that individual differences in COVID-19 severity are influenced by factors like age, sex, race, and genetics, which are important for personalized medicine.