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TGF-β is crucial for tissue repair and can cause diseases if not properly regulated.

Overexpression of activin A in mice skin causes skin thickening, fibrosis, and improved wound healing.

TGF-β is crucial for controlling stem cell behavior and changes in its signaling can lead to diseases like cancer.

PCOS symptoms change with age; younger women have higher androgen levels and less metabolic issues, while older women face more metabolic challenges despite milder PCOS symptoms.

5-alpha reductase deficiency leads to male sexual development issues and treatments like finasteride help with prostate enlargement and hair loss.

Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome often causes sexual development issues, hair loss, learning disabilities, deafness, muscle contractions, limb pain, and diabetes.

Diagnosing PCOS in teenagers should focus on signs of excess male hormones and not rely solely on ovarian ultrasound or irregular periods, and should be reassessed in adulthood.

Genetic defects in testosterone production can cause hormonal and developmental disorders, and more research is needed to understand androgen regulation and develop safer treatments.

Women with different PCOS types have similar fertility treatment results.

PCOS is a common hormonal disorder in women that can lead to serious health problems.

A Saudi individual initially identified as a girl had a genetic disorder affecting gender development.

Benign ovarian tumors can cause excess male hormones and related conditions in postmenopausal women.

PCOS treatment focuses on lifestyle changes and specific medications to manage symptoms and complications.

A 13-year-old with 46 XY DSD had ambiguous genitalia due to incomplete masculinization.

A woman's severe hirsutism was caused by Leydig cell tumors in her ovaries, which improved after surgery.

The document explains how male reproductive hormones work and affect the body.

PCOS is a genetic disorder affecting women's reproductive health, with treatments focused on symptoms like insulin resistance and fertility.

Experts agree that PCOS affects women's health in complex ways, but more research is needed to understand and treat it effectively.

The guideline suggests using specific criteria to diagnose PCOS, recommends various treatments for its symptoms, and advises screening for related health issues.

The document concludes that PCOS is a complex disorder caused by both genetic and environmental factors, affecting women's health in various ways, and requires personalized treatment.

PCOS is a complex condition with major health impacts, needing more research for better diagnosis and treatment.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a complex condition that affects women's mental, reproductive, and metabolic health throughout their lives.

Polycystic ovary syndrome affects about 6-10% of women, with varying symptoms and the need for standardized global definitions.

Women with the NIH type of PCOS have more obesity and higher risk of diabetes and heart disease than those with other types of PCOS.

PCOS is common among Chinese women of reproductive age and linked to serious metabolic and reproductive issues, especially in obese women.

PCOS is a complex disorder in women that can lead to various health risks and requires personalized treatment.

Insulin resistance and obesity are key factors in the development and worsening of polycystic ovary syndrome, and lifestyle changes are important for managing it.

About 7% to 15% of Iranian women have polycystic ovary syndrome, depending on the criteria used to diagnose it.

High levels of male hormones, insulin resistance, and obesity are closely linked and worsen polycystic ovary syndrome, but more research is needed to improve treatments.

Early diagnosis and individualized treatment improve outcomes for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.